全寿命周期成本（LCC）理论在电力设备招标采购中的应用研究

发布时间：2017-12-31 17:02

本文关键词：全寿命周期成本（LCC）理论在电力设备招标采购中的应用研究　出处：《暨南大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：根据国家招标投标法的规定,电网投资建设项目作为国有资金投资项目,属于必须招标的范围。评标是招标采购工作的核心环节,如何科学、合理、有效地对投标产品进行评价,决定所采购产品的优劣。国内电力设备招标活动中运用的评标方法主要有:传统的评标方法和基于现代决策理论的评标方法。这两种方法各有优劣和适用条件,在实际操作中可视具体情况进行合理选用,但是在对投标产品的价格评价方面,这两种方法都只是过度偏重于产品的初始购置成本,忽略了产品后期在运行过程中所产生的相关费用,可是历史数据告诉我们,实际上,在运行过程中所产生的费用往往高于初始购置成本,因此现行评标方法对价格因素的评价是一种短视行为,只注重眼前的利益,缺乏整体、长远的眼光,直接造成的后果将是损害企业的长期经济利益。本文分析电力设备评标的现状,比较总结现行评标方法的特点,将全寿命周期成本(LCC)理论引入评标方法,通过对历史数据的回归分析,构建电力设备LCC估算模型,改变现有的价格评价方式,实现电力企业由注重短期成本向平衡长期成本的转变。本文的主要研究内容有:首先,在电力设备全寿命周期成本分解结构(CBS)的基础上,借助可靠性理论、质量成本理论、数理统计学及工程经济学的有关知识,研究并建立了电力设备LCC及其子项成本的静态估算模型,同时考虑资金的时间价值,进一步构建LCC动态估算模型,并利用敏感性分析法对估算结果的稳定性进行了分析;其次,将经济寿命的概念引入LCC中,界定设备的寿命周期,并运用最低年平均成本法构建了设备经济寿命的估算模型。估算出设备的经济寿命,是估算和比较电力设备LCC的关键;最后,本文以某一电力设备的招标采购项目作为案例,在不改变其他评价因素的情况下,运用本文构建的LCC动态估算模型和经济寿命估算模型对设备经济性进行分析和评价,并模拟出基于LCC理论评标方法下的评标结果,将该结果与原评标结果作比较分析后,得出以下结论:在考虑资金的时间价值、经济寿命及全寿命周期成本后,企业购买决策可能发生变化。传统评标方法下的价格评价方式容易导致短视行为,基于LCC理论的评价模型能体现设备的长期效益,有利于企业在市场竞争中维持良好的企业形象并保持效益高成本低的综合优势。
[Abstract]:According to the regulation of the national bidding and bidding law, as a state-owned fund investment project, the grid investment and construction project belongs to the scope that must be tendered. Bid evaluation is the core link of the bidding and purchasing work, how to be scientific and reasonable. Evaluate bidding products effectively. Determine the merits and demerits of the purchased products. The main bidding evaluation methods used in the bidding activities of domestic power equipment are: traditional bidding evaluation method and bidding evaluation method based on modern decision theory. The two methods have their own advantages and disadvantages and applicable conditions. In the actual operation according to the specific situation of reasonable selection, but in the price evaluation of the bid products, these two methods are only too much emphasis on the initial purchase cost of the product. In fact, the cost incurred in the operation process is often higher than the initial purchase cost, but the historical data tell us that the cost incurred in the operation process is often higher than the initial purchase cost. Therefore, the evaluation of price factors in the current bidding evaluation method is a short-sighted behavior, only focus on immediate interests, lack of overall, long-term vision. The direct result will be to damage the long-term economic interests of enterprises. This paper analyzes the current situation of bidding evaluation of electric power equipment, and compares and summarizes the characteristics of the current bidding evaluation methods. The whole life cycle cost (LCC) theory is introduced into the bidding evaluation method. Through the regression analysis of historical data, the LCC estimation model of power equipment is constructed, and the existing price evaluation method is changed. The main research contents of this paper are as follows: firstly, on the basis of power equipment life-cycle cost decomposition structure (CBS). With the help of reliability theory, quality cost theory, mathematical statistics and engineering economics, the static cost estimation model of LCC and its subitems of power equipment is studied and established. At the same time, considering the time value of the funds, we further construct the LCC dynamic estimation model, and use sensitivity analysis to analyze the stability of the estimated results. Secondly, the concept of economic life is introduced into LCC, the life cycle of equipment is defined, and the model of estimating the economic life of equipment is constructed by using the lowest annual average cost method, and the economic life of equipment is estimated. It is the key to estimate and compare the LCC of power equipment. Finally, this paper takes the bidding and purchasing project of a certain electric power equipment as a case, without changing other evaluation factors. The LCC dynamic estimation model and economic life estimation model constructed in this paper are used to analyze and evaluate the equipment economy, and the bidding evaluation results based on LCC theory are simulated. After comparing the results with the original evaluation results, the following conclusions are drawn: after considering the time value of the capital, the economic life and the life cycle cost. The price evaluation method under the traditional bidding evaluation method can easily lead to short-sighted behavior. The evaluation model based on LCC theory can reflect the long-term benefits of equipment. It is advantageous for enterprises to maintain a good corporate image in the market competition and to maintain a comprehensive advantage of high efficiency and low cost.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F284;F426.61

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