“罗斯福新政”中的就业政策及其启示

发布时间：2018-01-02 16:08

本文关键词：“罗斯福新政”中的就业政策及其启示　出处：《内蒙古师范大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：1929—1933年的大危机，，是资本主义历史上最严重的一次经济危机。这次危机给资本主义世界带来了巨大灾难，作为危机发源地的美国受到的影响尤为严重，危机使整个美国的国民经济陷入濒临崩溃的边缘。罗斯福就任总统后，为了挽救危难中的美国，着手实施“新政”，采取了一系列新的经济政策和措施，以应对大危机。“罗斯福新政”中，有关就业方面的政策措施是其重要组成部分，是罗斯福政府反危机实践留给后人的最具现实价值和启示意义的内容之一。在2008年全球金融危机的背景下，研究“罗斯福新政”中的就业政策，显然具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。 “罗斯福新政”中的就业政策，可以概括为三大方面，即直接救济政策、以工代赈政策和社会保障措施。罗斯福政府正是通过这三种方式来救助失业者和促进劳动者就业，最终达到保护劳动者利益，系统治理社会失业问题的目标。这些就业政策和措施，体现出充分尊重劳动者、兼顾环境保护和资源开发和注重对特殊群体的关心等显著的特点。 “罗斯福新政”中的就业政策，对当时美国社会解决就业问题产生了积极的影响，概括起来，主要有如下四个方面：第一，罗斯福就业政策成功完成了在危难时刻帮助大量人民实现就业的目标；第二，政府以往治理失业问题的模式得到改变；第三，为美国战后的相关就业立法指明了方向；第四，成为后任总统必备的治国理念之一。当然，“罗斯福新政”中的有关就业政策和措施，因带来巨大的财政赤字，也产生了一定的负面影响。 “罗斯福新政”中的一系列就业政策，正是资本主义在经济困难时期，如何解决社会严重失业问题的一个典型缩影。面对我国严峻的就业行势，研究美国大萧条期间罗斯福的就业政策，能提供给我们许多有益的启示。当前，我国在解决就业问题时，不能忽略传统就业政策思想的一定可应用性；要将我国已有的有效经济政策如“扩内需、稳增长”等与促进就业协同发展，同时要控制宏观调控的力度和范围，防止过度的财政赤字带来的严重后果。
[Abstract]:The big crisis of 1929 and 1933, is one of the most severe economic crises in the history of capitalism. The crisis brought great suffering to the capitalist world, crisis influence as the birthplace of the United States is particularly serious, the crisis of national economy in the entire United States on the verge of collapse. Roosevelt became president, in order to save in distress the United States started to implement the "New Deal", adopted a series of new economic policies and measures to cope with the crisis. "Roosevelt's New Deal", the employment policy is an important part of the Roosevelt administration is one of the anti crisis practice left us the most practical value and significance of the content in 2008. The background of the global financial crisis, the research of "Roosevelt's New Deal" in the employment policy, it is of great theoretical and practical significance.
"Roosevelt's New Deal" in the employment policy, can be summarized as three aspects, namely direct relief policy, welfare to work policies and social security measures. The Roosevelt government is through the three ways of helping the unemployed and promoting the employment of workers, to protect workers interests, social governance system of unemployment. These employment policies and measures, reflects the full respect for workers, considering environmental protection and resource development and pay attention to the special group of concern and other significant features.
"Roosevelt's New Deal" in the employment policy, to solve the employment problem in American society at that time had a positive impact, to sum up, there are four main aspects as follows: first, Roosevelt successfully completed the employment policy to help large numbers of people employed at the critical moment goal; second, the government governance pattern in the past unemployment change; third and pointed out the direction for the American postwar employment legislation; fourth, become one of the essential concept of the rule he served as president. Of course, the relevant employment policies and measures of Roosevelt's New Deal ", due to the huge deficit, also brought some negative effects.
"A series of employment policy in Roosevelt's New Deal", it is the capitalism in difficult economic times, a typical epitome of how to solve the problem of unemployment in society. In the face of China's employment for serious potential, Roosevelt during the great depression in the United States employment policy, can provide us many useful lessons. At present, in our country to solve the problem of employment, can not ignore the traditional employment policy ideas must be applied; to effective economic policies in China have been such as "expanding domestic demand and steady growth" development cooperation and promote employment, while the scope and intensity of macroeconomic regulation and control, to prevent the serious consequences of excessive fiscal deficit.

【学位授予单位】：内蒙古师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F249.712

【参考文献】