我国石油行业高收入形成的机理分析及政府调节

发布时间：2018-01-13 06:19

本文关键词：我国石油行业高收入形成的机理分析及政府调节　出处：《山东大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：现阶段,适时缩小国民间的收入差距是经济发展过程中的一个重要改革点,目前,社会收入差距依然较大,扩大趋势较为明显,其中,行业间收入差距作为导致社会收入差距拉大的基础环节,尤为重要。人们普遍认为,适当的收入差距能够起到进步作用,促进行业间要素的合理流动和转化,提高劳动者的劳动生产效率。然而,不合理的收入差距会抑制劳动者的生产积极性,阻碍生产力的发展,甚至引起社会的动荡。关于合理与不合理的划分,关键在于公平。一是员工的投入与报酬公平,二是行业的发展机会公平。目前,我国行业间平均收入差距已达到3倍以上,某些行业尤其是垄断行业的收入水平更高。一方面,垄断行业的高收入可能会降低竞争行业的劳动生产率,使得低收入行业的经济效益更加低迷,不利于行业的健康发展；另一方面,垄断行业凭借垄断地位获得超额垄断利润,瓜分了本应属于全民所享的剩余价值,阻碍了生产要素的合理流动,甚至增加社会的不安定因素。因此,缩小收入差距,把收入差距控制在合理的范围之内,是保证社会经济稳定发展的重点。对于石油行业来说,在我国经济发展的初期,由于技术以及管理体制的落后,行业的经济发展势头并不看好,大企业生产效率低下,小企业纷纷倒闭或者合并,因此,为了整顿低迷的经济市场,国家采取扶持政策,对行业给予行政权利来扶持其发展,通过国家行政力量以及资金技术的支持,石油行业的生产效益日益改善,进而也形成了现在所谓的行政垄断行业。然而,随着我国社会经济的逐步发展,行业内其他企业的资金技术以及管理水平已经能够满足当前对于生产力水平的要求,但却被垄断行业的垄断地位挡于大门之外,因此,放松规制,引入竞争机制,有利于整个社会经济生产效率的提高。除了垄断因素,人力资本、行业特征等也对行业间收入差距有着不同程度的影响,因此,本文基于石油行业,对行业高收入的现状及发展趋势进行分析及预测,对导致石油行业高收入的原因进行分解,最后根据相应因素的影响程度给予相应的政策建议。本文首先采用绝对指标,对石油行业的收入水平现状进行了整体的分析,通过数据整理可以得出,随着年份的增加,石油行业的平均收入水平呈逐步增加态势,进一步,本文采用博克斯-詹金斯模型,对石油业的高收入问题进行数据预测,结果表明,若保持当前政策以及经济环境,石油行业的平均收入仍会逐步增大。因此,对症下药,探究造成石油行业高收入的主要原因,成为迫切需求。其次,本文根据学者的研究以及经验总结,将导致石油行业高收入的主要原因归结为垄断、人力资本、行业特征及所有者垄断四大类因素。本文选取石油行业与纺织业的公司年鉴作为数据来源,按照上述理论分析整理六种主要的解释变量,采用中位数回归的方法,通过费景汉-拉尼斯分解模型以及虚拟变量模型两种计量方法,最终得出较为一致的结论：在影响行业间收入差距的因素中,垄断因素是造成行业间收入差距的主要因素,行业特征和人力资本因素其次,而个人特征不是导致行业间收入差距的主要原因。最后,根据实证以及理论总结的主要原因,本文基于石油行业给与相应的政策建议。首先,要转变政府职能,放松规制并引入竞争机制,转变行业的行政垄断地位；其次,要规范政府管理,建立合理的收入分配政策,完善相关法律法规；最后,要完善市场调节机制,建立良好的劳动力市场,促进资源的合理流动,提高劳动力的综合素质。
[Abstract]:At this stage, timely narrowing the income gap between people is an important reform, in the process of economic development at present, social income gap is still large, expand the trend is more obvious, among them, the income gap between the industry as a result of social income gap based links, is particularly important. It is generally believed that the proper income gap can play a progressive role, promote the rational flow and transformation between the industry factors, improve the work efficiency of workers. However, the unreasonable income gap will inhibit the manufacturing enthusiasm of laborer, hinder the development of productive forces, and even lead to social unrest. On the division of reasonable and unreasonable, the key lies in the fair. One is investment and their pay is fair, two opportunities for development of the industry fair. At present, the average income gap among industries in China has reached more than 3 times, some industries especially monopoly income water Even higher. On the one hand, the high income of monopoly industries may reduce competition in the industry labor productivity, the low income industry economic downturn more, is not conducive to the healthy development of the industry; on the other hand, monopoly industries with a monopoly to obtain excess monopoly profits, divided the whole people to enjoy the surplus value that hindered the rational flow of factors of production, and even increase social instability factor. Therefore, narrowing the income gap, the income gap within a reasonable range, is the key to ensure the stable development of social economy.
For the oil industry, in the early stage of China's economic development, the technology and the backward management system, the industry is not optimistic about the momentum of economic development, low efficiency of production of large enterprises, small enterprises have closed down or merged, therefore, in order to rectify the downturn in the market economy, the State adopts support policy to support the development of administrative rights the industry, by the state administrative power as well as capital and technology support, the oil industry production efficiency is improved, which also forms the so-called administrative monopoly industries. However, as the society of our country through the gradual development of economy, the other companies within the industry capital technology and management level has been able to meet the requirements for the current level of productivity, but it is monopoly monopoly position for blocking the door outside, therefore, deregulation and introduction of competition mechanism, is conducive to the whole social economic efficiency. High. In addition to monopoly factors, human capital, industry characteristics, the income gap between different industries have different degrees of influence, therefore, based on the oil industry, analysis and forecasting of the status quo and development trend of high income, high income leads to decomposition of the cause of the oil industry, according to the influence degree of the corresponding factors to give the corresponding policy recommendations.
Firstly, by using absolute index, the overall analysis of income level on the oil industry situation, through the collation of data can be obtained, with the year increase, the average income level of the oil industry was gradually increasing trend, further, the box Jenkins model, the problem of high income of the oil industry forecast data, the results show that the if you keep the current policy and economic environment, the average income of the oil industry will gradually increase. Therefore, an antidote against the disease, mainly caused by the oil industry of high income, has become an urgent demand. Secondly, based on the research and summary of experience, will lead to the oil industry the main reason for the high income due to the monopoly of human capital. The characteristics of the industry and the owner of the monopoly of four kinds of factors. This paper chooses the oil industry and the textile industry yearbook company as the source of data, according to the above theory On finishing the six main explanatory variables, using the method of median regression, the Ranis Fei decomposition model and dummy variable model of two kinds of measurement methods, finally obtains the consistent conclusion: factors affecting the income gap among industries, monopoly factor is made main factors of the income gap between the industry, industry characteristics and then the factors of human capital, and the individual characteristics is not the main reason for the income gap between the industry. Finally, according to the empirical and theoretical summary of the main reasons, the oil industry gives the corresponding policy based on suggestions. First, the transformation of government functions, deregulation and the introduction of competition mechanism, change the industry administrative monopoly; secondly, to standardize government management, establish the reasonable income distribution policy, improve relevant laws and regulations; finally, to perfect the market regulation mechanism, Jian Liliang labor market, Promote the rational flow of resources and improve the comprehensive quality of the labor force.

【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F426.22;F249.24;D630

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