汽车企业节能新技术评价及油耗目标优化方法

发布时间：2018-01-14 14:17

本文关键词：汽车企业节能新技术评价及油耗目标优化方法　出处：《湖南大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近几年,随着我国汽车保有量的不断攀升,汽车尾气排放成为了导致我国空气污染情况急速恶化的一个重要原因。同时我国汽车燃油效率低,在庞大的保有量基数下,车用燃油已成为我国新增石油消耗的主体。汽车的高油耗及污染已成为汽车与社会的最大矛盾。为管控汽车排放污染及降低乘用车企业平均燃料消耗量,国家推行了更加严格的油耗法规。乘用车企业通过两种途径来实现自身平均燃料消耗量的降低。第一种是采用轻量化、风阻优化、低滚阻轮胎、油品升级等节油技术来降低企业各车型油耗,进而降低企业油耗;第二种是投产新能源汽车,投产新能源汽车的企业依据国家对新能源汽车油耗的优惠政策来完成企业降油耗的工作。由于新能源汽车受制于技术、成本、价格、社会基础设施支撑等因素而销量有限,企业在短期内还无法利用新能源汽车的优惠政策来降低自身油耗。近期内降油耗工作还是以大量采用节油技术的方式为主。但是节油技术同样受到技术成熟度、成本、质量、时间等因素的影响,每家企业的应用条件有限。基于上述背景,本文进行了以下四个问题的研究。第一,以只采用节油技术完成降油耗工作的方式,针对单一车型进行降油耗分析并且对所有影响因子进行灵敏度分析;第二,单一车企根据国家油耗法规测算方式,基于车型整备质量研究高中低档车型产品优化组合以达到最优油耗。第三,当无法使用节油技术或使用后仍无法满足油耗目标时,新能源汽车与常规车以何种分布比例才能满足油耗法规;第四,企业在实际情况下,未来几年内油耗及技术投入成本的发展趋势以及成本与降油耗方法选择的优化方法。本文基于系统动力学理论。首先,通过政策分析对国内外油耗法规、油耗计算方法进行阐述、对比。介绍国内外对于新能源汽车与常规汽车油耗的计算方法。其次,通过对标车性能实验、软件模拟、台架实验、场地实验对节油技术的节油效率进行定量研究,并将研究结果作为输入建立针对单一车型的油耗测算系统动力学模型,对降油耗系统影响因子进行敏感度分析;再次,根据车辆不同质量在综合工况下对应不同的油耗目标,建立企业油耗质量段优化系统动力学模型,寻求企业高中低档车型产品的油耗最优组合。同时,以一个新能源车销量模型,分析新能源汽车推广的影响因素,进而研究何种情况下企业可以投产新能源车来分担企业油耗,以及新能源车型投产的比重是多少。然后,建立一个乘用车企业平均燃料消耗量及成本投入预测模型,研究未来几年内企业油耗及降油耗成本投入的发展趋势。最后,由一个企业实例,根据上述研究结果,分析该企业的油耗状况并给出合理建议。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the continuous increase of vehicle ownership in China, vehicle exhaust emissions have become an important cause of rapid deterioration of air pollution in China. At the same time, automobile fuel efficiency in China is low. Under a large number of reserves. Automobile fuel has become the main body of new oil consumption in our country. The high fuel consumption and pollution of automobile has become the biggest contradiction between automobile and society. In order to control the vehicle emission pollution and reduce the average fuel consumption of passenger vehicle enterprises. The country has implemented more stringent regulations on fuel consumption. Passenger car enterprises use two ways to achieve their own average fuel consumption reduction. The first is the use of lightweight, air resistance optimization, low rolling resistance tires. Oil upgrading and other fuel saving technologies to reduce the fuel consumption of various models of enterprises, and then reduce the fuel consumption of enterprises; The second is the production of new energy vehicles, the production of new energy vehicles enterprises according to the national fuel consumption of new energy vehicles to complete the preferential policies to reduce the fuel consumption of enterprises, because new energy vehicles are subject to technology, cost, price. Social infrastructure support and other factors and limited sales. In the short term, enterprises can not use the preferential policies of new energy vehicles to reduce their own fuel consumption. In the near future, the reduction of fuel consumption is mainly in the way of using a large number of fuel-efficient technologies. But oil-saving technologies are also subject to technological maturity. Cost, quality, time and other factors, each enterprise's application conditions are limited. Based on the above background, this paper carried out the following four issues. First. In order to reduce fuel consumption only by using fuel saving technology, the fuel consumption reduction analysis is carried out for a single vehicle model and sensitivity analysis of all influencing factors is carried out. Second, the single car enterprises according to the national fuel consumption laws and regulations, based on the model preparation quality research on the optimization of low-grade models in order to achieve the optimal fuel consumption. Third. When the fuel saving technology can not be used or the fuel consumption target can not be met after use, the distribution ratio between new energy vehicles and conventional vehicles can meet the fuel consumption regulations; 4th, in the actual situation, the development trend of oil consumption and technical input cost in the next few years, and the optimization method of selecting cost and reducing oil consumption. This paper is based on the theory of system dynamics. First of all. Through the policy analysis of domestic and foreign fuel consumption laws and regulations, fuel consumption calculation methods are elaborated, compared. Introduce the domestic and foreign new energy vehicles and conventional vehicles fuel consumption calculation methods. Secondly, through the standard vehicle performance experiment. Software simulation, bench test and site experiment are used to quantitatively study the fuel saving efficiency of fuel saving technology, and the results are taken as input to establish a dynamic model of fuel consumption measurement system for a single vehicle. Sensitivity analysis of the influencing factors of fuel consumption reduction system was carried out. Thirdly, according to the different vehicle quality corresponding to different fuel consumption targets under the comprehensive working conditions, the optimization system dynamics model of the fuel consumption quality segment of the enterprise is established to seek the optimal combination of the oil consumption of the middle, middle and low grade vehicles. At the same time. Based on a new energy vehicle sales model, this paper analyzes the factors affecting the promotion of new energy vehicles, and then studies the circumstances under which enterprises can put new energy vehicles into production to share the fuel consumption of enterprises. Then a prediction model of average fuel consumption and cost of passenger vehicle enterprises is established. This paper studies the development trend of the oil consumption and the investment of reducing the oil consumption cost in the next few years. Finally, according to the above research results, an enterprise example is given to analyze the situation of the oil consumption of the enterprise and give some reasonable suggestions.
【学位授予单位】：湖南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F426.471;F206;N941.3

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