养老金的劳动力市场扭曲

发布时间：2018-05-01 11:36

本文选题：养老金 + 劳动力市场　；参考：《劳动经济研究》2015年06期

【摘要】：中国经济体制转轨过程中催生的养老保险制度,对城镇劳动力市场造成了严重的扭曲。利用中国城镇住户调查数据发现,养老金存在两种明显的扭曲效应:一是就业抑制效应,养老金激励使尚处在劳动年龄的人口更早退出劳动力市场,养老金覆盖导致劳动参与率大幅下降,劳动供给时间也有所减少;二是工资抑制效应,养老金作为一种经济补偿干扰了工资形成机制,倾向于压低市场均衡工资,被养老金覆盖使劳动者的小时工资明显下降。规范养老保险制度能够促进劳动力市场发展,矫正劳动力市场扭曲,有助于提高劳动参与率和潜在经济增长率,同时不牺牲甚至提高劳动者的工资福利,养老保险基金平衡也得以改善,一项改革能够获取多重红利。养老保险制度改革关系到劳动力市场和经济可持续发展,首要任务是消除劳动力市场和经济效率的扭曲,关键目标是要建立与劳动力市场和市场经济相适应的制度体系。
[Abstract]:The pension insurance system produced in the course of the transition of China's economic system has caused serious distortion to the urban labor market. Using the survey data of Chinese urban households, it is found that there are two obvious distortions in the pension system: one is the effect of employment inhibition, and the pension incentive makes the population still in working age withdraw from the labor market earlier. Pension coverage leads to a sharp decline in the labor participation rate and a decrease in the labor supply time. Two is the wage suppression effect. The pension as a kind of economic compensation interferes with the wage formation mechanism, tends to lower the equilibrium wage in the market, and is covered by the pension system to reduce the labor capital of the workers obviously. The standard pension insurance system can be promoted. The development of the labor market and the correction of the distortion of the labor market help to improve the labor participation rate and the potential economic growth rate, without sacrificing or even raising the wage and welfare of the workers, and improving the balance of the endowment insurance fund. The reform of a reform can gain multiple dividends. The reform of the pension insurance system is related to the labor market and the economic sustainability. To continue development, the primary task is to eliminate the distortion of the labor market and economic efficiency. The key goal is to establish a system that adapts to the labor market and the market economy.

【作者单位】：中国社会科学院人口与劳动经济研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金NSFC-CGIAR项目“人口变化、城乡人口流动与中国的农业与农村发展”(批准号:71361140370)和国家自然科学基金“养老医疗保障对农村中老年人的劳动供给效应”(批准号:71103198)的资助
【分类号】：F249.2;F842.67

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