物化科技资源高效利用制度建设研究

发布时间：2018-05-10 22:32

本文选题：物化科技资源 + 资源高效利用　；参考：《安徽农业大学》2015年硕士论文

【摘要】：中国特色社会主义市场经济的发展离不开科技的进步,“科技是第一生产力”的论断已成公论,科技的进步仰赖于科技资源的高效利用和优化配置。本文的目的在于为我国物化科技资源的高效利用提供理论参考和制度设想,从而进行制度创新,以求最大化地实现物化科技资源的经济收益和社会效益。本文采用文献梳理法、比较研究法和案例分析法对物化科技资源进行探究。在对国内外关于科技资源利用的文章进行分析的基础上,界定了物化科技资源的基本概念。我国物化科技资源高效利用及其制度建设在国家、地方、单位层面均有其特殊性:国家物化科技资源高效利用制度建设的现状是少量相关法律和政策等的出台、共享平台的建立、科技化市场的建立、科技企业的勃兴等;制度建设出现了一些问题,如相关法律法规建设滞后、物化科技资源共享平台未尽完善、市场尚未真正成为物化科技资源配置的决定性因素、企业尚未真正成为物化科技资源利用的主体等。地方层面以安徽省为例,其制度建设的现状为产权制已建立、利用意识已培育、管理制度的建立与完善等,其制度建设的问题则是物化科技资源产权制的建立问题、高效利用意识的培育问题、管理制度的建立与完善问题等。单位层面则以安徽农业大学为例,分析得出其制度建设的现状为有少量的管理依据、资源共享平台业已搭建、交流机制不断运行,制度建设的问题是管理依据待完备、共享程度不高、利用机制待科学化、科技人员交流待更深化等。物化科技资源高效利用在资源信息公开、方便使用、避免闲置、利益均衡等基本原则的指导下进行,为物化科技资源高效利用制度建设确立路径发展方向。物化科技资源高效利用制度建设的主要内容是确定好科技资源利用相关主体之间的权利义务关系,明确政府和市场、企业之间的关系,在投入和产出、效率和公平中寻求平衡点。在借鉴了国内外关于物化科技资源高效利用之经验和理念的基础上,立足于本国国情,提出了借鉴外国经验、提高认识、统一立法、保障实施等四大解决措施,这也是为了促进科技可持续发展,助力于“资源节约型”社会的建立。借鉴的经验主要是西方发达国家关于物化科技资源高效利用的先进管理方法、理论和实践经验,如美国对科技法律和政策的高度重视。提高认识的重点在于提高科技主体的管理和利用意识,统一思想,消除利用思想紊乱的局面。统一物化科技资源高效利用方面的立法,达到利用有法可依,真正做到有“良法”,有“善治”。物化科技资源能否高效利用,有无保障措施最为关键。有效的保障措施,包括激励和惩罚两大手段,将激励和惩罚二者有机结合起来,双管齐下,方可形成保障物化科技资源高效利用的合力。
[Abstract]:The development of socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics can not be separated from the progress of science and technology. The conclusion that "science and technology is the first productive force" has become a common theory, and the progress of science and technology depends on the efficient utilization and optimal allocation of scientific and technological resources. The purpose of this paper is to provide theoretical reference and institutional assumption for the efficient utilization of materialized scientific and technological resources in China, so as to carry out institutional innovation in order to maximize the economic and social benefits of materialized scientific and technological resources. This paper uses literature combing method, comparative research method and case analysis method to explore physical and chemical science and technology resources. Based on the analysis of the articles on the utilization of scientific and technological resources at home and abroad, the basic concepts of materialized scientific and technological resources are defined. The efficient utilization of physical and chemical science and technology resources and its system construction in our country have their particularities at the national, local and unit levels: the present situation of the construction of the system for the efficient utilization of physical and chemical science and technology resources in China is the introduction of a small number of relevant laws and policies, etc. The establishment of the sharing platform, the establishment of the scientific and technological market, the flourishing of the scientific and technological enterprises, and the emergence of the scientific and technological enterprises, for example, the construction of the relevant laws and regulations lags behind, the sharing platform of the materialized scientific and technological resources is not perfect, The market has not really become the decisive factor in the allocation of materialized scientific and technological resources, and the enterprises have not really become the main body of the utilization of materialized scientific and technological resources. Taking Anhui Province as an example, the present situation of system construction in Anhui Province is that the property right system has been established, the consciousness of utilization has been cultivated, and the management system has been established and perfected. The problem of the system construction is the establishment of the property right system of materialized scientific and technological resources. The cultivation of the consciousness of efficient use, the establishment and perfection of the management system and so on. The unit level takes Anhui Agricultural University as an example. The analysis shows that the present situation of its system construction has a little management basis, the resource sharing platform has been set up, the communication mechanism is running constantly, the problem of system construction is that the management basis is not complete. The degree of sharing is not high, the utilization mechanism needs to be scientific, and the exchange of scientific and technological personnel needs to be deepened. The efficient utilization of materialized scientific and technological resources is carried out under the guidance of the basic principles such as the opening of resource information, convenient use, avoiding idleness, balance of interests, and so on, which establishes the developing direction for the construction of the system of efficient utilization of materialized scientific and technological resources. The main contents of the construction of the system for the efficient utilization of materialized scientific and technological resources are to determine the relationship between the rights and obligations of the relevant subjects in the utilization of scientific and technological resources, to make clear the relationship between the government, the market, and the enterprises, and to make sure the relationship between input and output Find a balance between efficiency and fairness. On the basis of drawing lessons from the experience and ideas of the effective utilization of materialized scientific and technological resources at home and abroad, and based on the national conditions of our country, this paper puts forward four major solutions, such as drawing lessons from foreign experiences, enhancing understanding, unifying legislation, ensuring implementation, etc. This is also to promote the sustainable development of science and technology, and to help the establishment of a "resource-saving" society. The experience used for reference is mainly advanced management methods, theory and practical experience on the efficient utilization of materialized scientific and technological resources in western developed countries, such as the United States attaches great importance to science and technology laws and policies. The emphasis of raising awareness lies in raising the consciousness of management and utilization of science and technology subject, unifying thought and eliminating the situation of disorder of utilization thought. Unifying the legislation on the efficient use of materialized scientific and technological resources, achieving the use of laws to be followed, really to have "good law", there is "good governance". Whether the physical and chemical science and technology resources can be used efficiently is the most important one. Effective safeguard measures, including two means of encouragement and punishment, combine the two measures of encouragement and punishment organically, in order to form the resultant force of ensuring the efficient utilization of materialized scientific and technological resources.
【学位授予单位】：安徽农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F204

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