西部地区低碳城市评价及建设路径研究

发布时间：2018-05-29 09:44

本文选题：西部地区 + 省会城市　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：自西部大开发战略实施以来,西部地区经济进入了高速发展的历史时期。就增长速度而言,西部地区的发展远远快于东部地区。但是从总量上来看东西部地区的差距越来越大。东部地区的优先发展也比西部地区更早地面对经济发展与资源环境之间的尖锐矛盾。为了应对挑战,东部沿海地区开始走低碳城市的发展之路,试图探索出一条与自然环境和谐相处的可持续发展之路。在这方面东部城市已经积累了大量的经验：天津市与新加坡合作建立了中新生态城,通过开发新能源,绿色建筑,绿色交通几个方面的城市规划和设计建设出一个低碳的,生态的新城。上海市从和中新生态城的路径一样的新能源、环保建筑以及燃料电池公交等多方面探索实现在崇明岛建立碳中和地区的目标。此外苏州确立以节能环保为核心的产业升级为主打造低碳示范产业园。杭州则通过公共自行车项目实现城市的低碳化交通。总的来看,东部城市已经通过多种途径的协调配合积累起有效的低碳城市建设经验。与东部城市低碳城市建设多点开花的局面不同,西部地区的低碳城市建设实践还是零零碎碎而且手段也较为单一,例如贵阳市提出建立低碳社区,重庆市提出建立低碳产业园的目标。这也说明,西部地区还不像东部地区那样面临着尖锐的环境矛盾。因此低碳城市的建设也并不像东部地区那样迫切,也可以说西部地区政府还没有转变“唯GDP论”的意识。工作重点依然在发展经济。但是,从长期来看,西部地区必然面临着比东部更为严峻的环境挑战,这是由于资源禀赋所决定的。西部地区地形复杂,生态环境极为脆弱,但是作为中国的生态屏障,环境保护又极其重要。另一方面,西部地区资源丰富,经济发展水平相对较低,要发展经济只能依靠自然资源的开发。因此造就了一大批的资源型城市例如攀枝花、兰州市、榆林市、鄂尔多斯市。这些资源型城市因某种资源而兴起,产业结构单一,转型也很困难。另外,西部地区的城市化水平还很低,随着城市化水平的不断提高,人口逐渐向城市聚集,这将给城市的可持续发展带来巨大的压力。因此低碳化的发展成为西部地区发展的必然选择,同时,由于发展相对不足,和东部地区相比付出的环境代价相对较小,如果转变发展理念,选择低碳的发展路径,必定能够以尽量小的代价换来西部地区的可持续发展。本文将立足于西部,在参考和借鉴国内外的研究成果的基础上,重新定义低碳城市,并且构建低碳城市综合发展的评价体系对西部11个省会城市进行评价,找出它们在低碳城市发展过程中的优势及不足。利用建立起的系统的低碳城市发展路径有针对性的提出各个城市未来的发展重点。具体内容分为六个章节：在绪论部分,本文首先介绍了论文的选题背景、研究的意义及研究的方法。低碳城市评价指标体系的构建是定量描述低碳城市建设状况的基础,建立科学合理的指标体系将降低评价过程中的操作难度并提高评价结果的有效性,具有极强的理论和现实意义。而且对西部11个省会城市的评价将填补整个西部地区低碳城市发展水平的实证研究的空白。因此,本文的研究具有重要的理论和现实意义。第二章是对低碳城市以及低碳城市实证研究相关文献的综述。在对国内外低碳城市文献研究的基础上提出了低碳城市的定义。这也是后面建立指标体系的出发点。然后对低碳城市评价的研究方法进行梳理评价,提出了本文的研究手段即以层次分析法和因子分析法相结合的方式展开对低碳城市综合发展水平的评价。第三章提出了低碳城市相关的重要理论。包括市场失灵理论、环境经济学理论、生态学理论与可持续发展理论。这些理论的总结和研究将有助于进一步明确低碳城市的内涵,为构建低碳城市的评价体系提供更为清晰的理论支持。第四章是实证研究部分,也是本文的重点。主要分为两个方面,首先从低碳城市的内涵出发,结合相关的理论基础,利用多元统计分析手段建立起包含目标层、准则层以及具体指标三个层次的低碳城市综合发展水平的评价体系。其次,搜集11个西部省会城市2010年的指标数据利用多元统计分析SPSS软件对数据进行处理,利用因子分析法给11个省会城市赋分,并对分析结果进行聚类分析将其按发展水平分为较高、一般和很低三个大类。并且分析了不同城市在各个公共因子上的表现得出相关的优势和不足。第五章将主要讨论低碳城市的建设路径。低碳城市建设路径是国内学者研究的重点领域,但是学者们通常只是从单个方面提出建议。缺乏全面系统的建构。本文就试图将前人的研究成果结合起来,构建起一个系统完备的低碳城市发展路径。具体来讲,就是将低碳城市建设分为宏观和微观两个层面。在宏观层面上通过发展新能源实现在经济过程的进口环节的低碳化,而通过低碳产业、低碳建筑以及低碳交通降低在经济过程的转化环节的二氧化碳排放。通过发展碳捕获和封存技术吸收经济活动中产生的二氧化碳,最终达到碳循环的平衡。在微观层面,则通过建设低碳园区和低碳社区以及规范消费行为等几个方面实现城市的低碳化。除此之外,以低碳城市规划协调各个方面的建设。以碳交易机制为核心的市场机制以及碳税为核心的政府调控为驱动,从而建立系统的低碳城市发展路径体系。第四章的研究基础之上,本章将结合省会城市低碳发展中存在的优势和不足进行有针对性的阐释。第六章则是总结了的本文研究的不足之处,并且提出对未来相关研究的展望。本文的主要贡献有下面三点：一是构建指标体系并将之用于实证评价。这就克服了低碳城市研究方面重理论分析而缺乏实证分析的缺陷。在实证分析的过程中兼顾了指标体系的覆盖面和数据的可得性,因此极具操作性。二是研究对象选择西部11个省会城市进行比较评价。鉴于省会城市在区域经济中的巨大影响,对省会城市的研究也就能了解西部地区低碳城市发展的整体水平。以前的实证研究多选择某一个城市为研究对象,本文的出现将填补这方面实证研究的空白。三是,在研究前人关于低碳城市建设路径的基础上提出了一个系统而完备的低碳城市建设体系,具有较强的指导作用。由于本文建立的是包含15个具体指标的指标评价体系并且研究的是西部11个省会城市的低碳城市发展水平,因此数据的搜集难度较大。因此选择了2010年这个略微成就的数据进行实证分析。其次,由于时间和经历的限制,本文只是将西部地区的11个省会城市进行比较,并没有将其放在全国范围内与中东部地区城市加以比较研究,这就不能够很好地发现与东中部的差距。由于笔者的知识和阅历有限,论文中不可避免地会存在错误和疏漏之处,恳请各位老师、专家不吝赐教。
[Abstract]:Since the implementation of the western development strategy, the western region economy has entered a historical period of rapid development. As far as the growth rate is concerned, the development of the western region is far faster than the eastern region. However, the gap between the eastern and western regions is becoming more and more large. The priority development of the eastern region is also earlier than the western region to face the economic development and capital. In order to meet the challenge, the eastern coastal areas have begun to lower the development road of the carbon cities and try to explore a sustainable development road to the harmonious relationship with the natural environment. In this respect, the eastern cities have accumulated a lot of experience: the Tianjin city and the new Canadian slope have established a new ecological city, through the development of the new ecological city. New energy, green building, green transportation in several aspects of urban planning and design to build a low carbon, ecological new town. Shanghai city from the new ecological city of the same path of new energy, environmental building and fuel cell bus and other aspects of exploration to achieve the goal of building a carbon neutral area in Chongming Island. In addition, Suzhou established a section. The key industry upgrading is to build a low carbon demonstration Industrial Park. Hangzhou has achieved low carbon traffic through the public bicycle project. In general, the eastern cities have accumulated effective low carbon city construction experience through coordination and coordination of various ways. In the same way, the construction practice of low carbon cities in the western region is still 00 broken and the means are relatively simple. For example, Guiyang proposed the establishment of low carbon community, and Chongqing put forward the goal of setting up a low carbon industrial park. This also shows that the western region is not facing sharp environmental contradictions in the eastern region. So the construction of low carbon cities is not similar. The eastern region is so urgent, it can be said that the western region government has not changed the "only GDP theory" consciousness. The focus of the work is still to develop the economy. However, in the long run, the western region is bound to face a more severe environmental challenge than the East, which is determined by the resource endowment. The terrain of the western region is complex and the ecological environment is very crisp. Weak, but as the ecological barrier of China, environmental protection is very important. On the other hand, the western region is rich in resources and the level of economic development is relatively low. The development of economy can only rely on the development of natural resources. Therefore, a large number of resource based cities, such as Panzhihua, Lanzhou, Yulin and Ordos, have been created. Because of some kind of resources, the industrial structure is single and the transformation is difficult. In addition, the level of urbanization in the western region is still very low. With the continuous improvement of the urbanization level, the population is gradually gathered to the city, which will bring great pressure to the sustainable development of the city. Therefore, the development of low carbon has become the inevitable choice for the development of the western region. Due to the relative shortage of development, the environmental cost of the eastern region is relatively small. If we change the concept of development and choose the low carbon development path, it will be able to change the sustainable development of the western region at the minimum cost.
Based on the west, this paper redefines low carbon cities on the basis of reference and reference to domestic and foreign research results, and constructs a evaluation system for the comprehensive development of low carbon cities to evaluate the 11 provincial capital cities in the west, and find out their advantages and disadvantages in the development of low carbon cities. The development path will focus on the future development priorities of each city. The specific content can be divided into six chapters.
In the introduction part, this paper first introduces the background of the topic, the significance of the research and the method of research. The construction of the low carbon city evaluation index system is the basis of quantitative description of the construction of low carbon city, and the establishment of a scientific and reasonable index system will reduce the difficulty of operation in the evaluation process and improve the effectiveness of the evaluation results, which is very strong. The evaluation of the 11 provincial capital cities in the West will fill the blank of the empirical research on the development level of the low carbon cities in the whole western region. Therefore, the study of this paper has important theoretical and practical significance.
The second chapter is a summary of the related literature of low carbon cities and low carbon cities. On the basis of the literature research of low carbon cities at home and abroad, the definition of low carbon cities is put forward. This is the starting point of establishing the index system. Then, the research methods of low carbon City evaluation are reviewed and evaluated, and the research means of this paper are put forward. That is to say, the analytic hierarchy process and factor analysis method are combined to evaluate the comprehensive development level of low carbon cities.
The third chapter puts forward the important theories of low carbon cities, including market failure theory, environmental economics theory, ecology theory and sustainable development theory. The summary and research of these theories will help to further clarify the connotation of low carbon cities, and provide more clear theoretical support for the construction of low carbon city evaluation system.
The fourth chapter is an empirical research part, and also the focus of this article. It is divided into two aspects. First of all, starting from the connotation of low carbon city, combined with the relevant theoretical basis, the evaluation system of the comprehensive development level of low carbon cities including target layer, standard layer and specific index is set up by means of multivariate statistical analysis. Secondly, the collection of the comprehensive development level of low carbon cities is collected. The index data of 11 western provincial capital cities in 2010 are processed by the multivariate statistical analysis SPSS software, and the factor analysis method is used to assign 11 provincial capital cities, and the analysis results are classified into higher, general and low three categories according to the development level, and the public factors in different cities are analyzed. The performance of the related advantages and disadvantages.
The fifth chapter will mainly discuss the construction path of low carbon cities. The construction path of low carbon cities is the key field of domestic scholars, but scholars are usually only proposed from a single aspect. The lack of comprehensive system construction. This paper attempts to combine the achievements of previous studies and build a systematic and comprehensive development road of low carbon cities. Concretely speaking, the construction of low carbon cities is divided into two levels of macro and micro. At the macro level, the low carbonization of the import link in the economic process is realized through the development of new energy, and the carbon dioxide emissions in the transformation link of the economic process are reduced through low carbon industries, low carbon buildings and low carbon traffic. And the sequestration technology absorbs the carbon dioxide produced in the economic activity, and finally reaches the balance of the carbon cycle. At the micro level, the low-carbon city is realized by building low carbon Park and low carbon community and standardizing the consumption behavior. In addition, the construction of various aspects of the co modulation of low carbon urban planning is taken as the core of carbon trading mechanism. The market mechanism of the heart and the government regulation of carbon tax as the core are driven to establish a system of low carbon urban development path system. Based on the study of the fourth chapter, this chapter will explain the advantages and disadvantages of the low carbon development in the provincial capital city.
The sixth chapter summarizes the shortcomings of this study, and puts forward the prospect for future research.
The main contributions of this paper are the following three points: first, constructing the index system and applying it to the empirical evaluation. This has overcome the shortcomings of the theoretical analysis of low carbon city research and lack of empirical analysis. In the process of empirical analysis, the coverage of the index system and the availability of the data are taken into account, so the two is the research object. In view of the huge impact of the provincial capital cities in the regional economy, the research on the provincial capital cities will be able to understand the overall level of the development of the low carbon cities in the western region. The previous empirical studies have chosen a certain city as the research object, and the appearance of this article will fill the void of the empirical research in this area. The three is that, on the basis of the research on the construction path of low carbon cities, a systematic and complete low carbon city construction system has been put forward, which has a strong guiding role.
Since this paper is to establish an index evaluation system containing 15 specific indicators and study the development level of low carbon cities in the 11 provincial capital cities of the west, the data collection is difficult. Therefore, the data of this slight achievement in 2010 is selected to carry out an empirical analysis. Secondly, from the limitation of time and experience, this article is only the West. The comparison of the 11 provincial capital cities in the region has not been compared with the cities in the Middle East, which will not be able to find the gap between the eastern and central regions. Because of the limited knowledge and experience of the author, there will inevitably be mistakes and omissions in the paper.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：X321;F299.27

【参考文献】