生态旅游者道德认知研究

发布时间：2018-07-10 05:16

本文选题：生态旅游 + 生态旅游者　；参考：《中南林业科技大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：生态旅游是具有保护自然环境和维系旅游地居民生活双重责任的旅游活动。随着旅游业可持续发展与生态伦理理念在世界范围内被广泛接受,生态旅游已成为一种替代传统旅游的新旅游形式。决定这种新旅游形式发展的关键要素则是生态旅游者——在生态旅游区负责任地消费生态旅游产品以及将生态旅游作为其旅游活动主要内容的旅游者。而能否成为这种负责任的生态旅游者,在一定程度上取决于旅游者的道德认识状况。本研究以江西武功山国家森林公园的生态旅游者为调查样本,运用“多维道德量表”(Multidimensional Ethics Scale,简称MES)的研究方法,并对多维道德量表进行改良设计。设计了三个违背生态旅游伦理规范的情境,即就地掩埋塑料垃圾(情境一)、破坏景区生态环境的旅游开发(情境二)、吃珍稀野味(情境三)。选取了正义论、相对论、功利论和道义论四个维度作为道德认知维度来测量他们的道德认知状况。调查发现,该森林公园的生态旅游者对三个情境中违背生态伦理的行为的认知程度都比较高,其中生态旅游者对吃珍稀野味这种不道德行为的认知水平最高。可见,面对不同情境,个体的道德认知水平是存在一定差异的,与自身利益有关的情境中会表现更为强烈的道德敏感性。而且,生态旅游者从正义论的维度认知不道德行为的水平,要普遍高于从其它维度认知不道德行为的水平,其中生态旅游者从道义论的维度认知不道德行为的水平最低。其次,研究结果显示性别因素对三个情境中不道德行为的认知以及生态旅游者的道德判断和行为意图都有显著影响,女性生态旅游者的道德认知水平普遍比男性要高,女性生态旅游者也倾向于比男性表示出更加强烈的道德感。在情境一中,生态旅游者的年龄、职业、收入、出游形式等个体因素在道德认知、道德判断和行为意图没有显著差异,但学历、出游次数、对生态环境的关注度等因素对其有显著影响；在情境二中,除年龄之外的其它个体因素对道德认知、道德判断和行为意图都存在显著影响；在情境三中,职业、学历、出游次数等个体因素对道德认知、道德判断和行为意图都没有显著影响,但年龄、收入、出游形式、对生态环境的关注度对其有显著影响。个体因素不一样,不同道德认知维度对道德认知水平、道德判断、行为意图的影响也是不同的。最后,研究结果还表明,生态旅游者的道德认知水平与其道德判断、行为意图之间存在显著的线性关系,即生态旅游者的道德认知水平越高,表现出的道德感就越强,就越倾向于做出合理的道德判断,实施更为道德的行为。因此,实现生态旅游的可持续发展,一方面要提高生态旅游从业者本身的生态道德认知水平,保护好原生态的生态旅游资源和优良的生态环境,为旅游者营造良好的生态环境；另一方面则是要积极开展生态伦理、旅游伦理的宣传和教育,全面提升生态旅游者的道德认知水平,引导更多开展生态旅游活动的旅游者成为真正符合生态旅游伦理原则的生态旅游者。
[Abstract]:The eco - tourism is a kind of tourism activity which has the dual responsibility of protecting the people ' s life in the natural environment and the tourism . As the sustainable development of tourism and the idea of ecological ethics are widely accepted in the world , the ecotourism has become a new form of tourism instead of traditional tourism .

Based on the study of eco - tourism of Wugongshan National Forest Park in Jiangxi Province , the author uses the research method of " Multi - dimensional Moral Scale " ( MES ) , and designs the multi - dimensional moral scale . Three situations are designed which violate the norms of eco - tourism ethics , namely , to bury the plastic waste ( situation one ) , to destroy the tourism development of the ecological environment of the scenic spot ( situation 2 ) , to eat rare wild smell ( situation 3 ) . The four dimensions of justice theory , relativity , utility theory and moral theory are chosen as the moral cognition dimension to measure their moral cognition .

It is found that the eco - tourism of the forest park has a higher level of cognition to the behavior of eco - ethics in the three situations .

Secondly , the results show that the gender factor has significant influence on the cognition of the immoral behavior in the three situations and the moral judgment and the behavior intention of the ecological tourists .
In Scenario 2 , there are significant effects on moral cognition , moral judgment and behavior intention except for age .
There is no significant influence on moral cognition , moral judgment and behavior intention in situation three , occupation , educational background and number of trips , but the influence of age , income and outing form on the ecological environment is significant . The individual factors are different , and the influence of different moral cognition dimensions on moral cognition level , moral judgment and behavior intention is different .

Finally , the research results show that there is a significant linear relationship between the moral cognition level and the moral judgment and the behavior intention of the ecological tourists , that is , the higher the moral cognition level of the ecological tourists , the stronger the moral sense of the ecological tourists , the more inclined they tend to make reasonable moral judgment and carry out more moral behavior .

Therefore , the sustainable development of eco - tourism is realized , on the one hand , it is necessary to improve the ecological moral cognition level of eco - tourism practitioners themselves , protect the eco - tourism resources of the original ecology and the excellent ecological environment , and create a good ecological environment for tourists ;
On the other hand , it is necessary to actively carry out the propaganda and education of ecological ethics and tourism ethics so as to comprehensively improve the moral cognition level of the ecological tourists , and guide more tourists who carry out the ecotourism activities to become the ecological tourists who truly conform to the principles of ecotourism ethics .
【学位授予单位】：中南林业科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F590;F205

【参考文献】