城市管理的公共性研究

发布时间：2018-08-10 20:22

【摘要】：处于世界城市化浪潮之中,中国的城市化进程呈现出自身的特点：起步晚、发展迅猛。中国用30年时间走完了欧洲国家将近100年才走完的城市化路程,短短几十年中国的城市化率已超过50%。中国的城市化经验对世界国家,特别是发展中国家产生了重要的影响。但无疑中国也和全世界其他国家一样遭受着“城市病”的困扰,可以说情况更复杂、程度更深,这给城市管理提出了严峻的挑战。然而中国城市管理的现状令人担忧。一方面,“城市病”呈集中式爆发。交通拥堵、城市内涝、空间分异、住房、医疗、教育、养老等问题已经成为制约城市发展的关键因素。另一方面,城市管理理念、方式方法落后,与城市化的客观要求不相适应,甚至主观上促使城市病的产生或恶化。原因是多方面的,有体制机制上的因素,也有文化观念上的因素,还有学科理论上的因素。但其根本原因在于城市管理缺乏对城市公共性的遵从。治理“城市病”的根本途径就在于纠正城市管理的公共性偏离。一方面,从理论上要明确城市管理自身的特点、内容和相应的机制。城市管理以城市为对象,不同于农村分散管理,不同于国家宏观管理,也不同于企业微观管理。国家宏观管理由统一的法律和政策规定来管理；企业管理是一个具体组织的微观管理,取决于管理对象的存在价值和组织使命；农村管理具有不一样的环境、对象,不具备聚集效应,是一种分散化的管理。而城市管理的特性是城市的本质属性,也即由城市公共品需求和公共品供给构成的城市公共品体系所决定的城市公共性。这便决定了城市管理是城市公共性的管理,也即管理城市公共品需求和城市公共品供给,确保城市公共品供给总量与需求一致、各类别城市公共品供给与需求一致、城市公共品供给空间分布均衡以及供给主观努力符合客观需求。城市公共品需求的准确表达以及城市公共品供给的空间特性客观上使得公民参与和城市规划渐入城市管理的核心地带。另一方面,从实践上确立城市管理的公共性方向。城市公共性方向的确立有赖于城市政府加强供给能力边界管理,根据城市公共品整体供给能力确定城市发展规模,依据城市公共品体系中的“短板”来改善供给结构；有赖于核心机制的健全和公共领域的培育,以增强公民参与意识、制约公共权力、纠正政府自利倾向；有赖于公共文化的培育以保证公共管理意识得以形成并延续,以减少主观随意性对城市管理的侵害；有赖于学科基础研究的充实,以构建系统化的城市管理学科体系,为城市管理活动提供理论支撑。
[Abstract]:In the tide of urbanization in the world, China's urbanization process presents its own characteristics: late start, rapid development. China has spent 30 years on the road to urbanisation in Europe that took nearly 100 years, and in just a few decades China's urbanization rate has exceeded 50, 000. China's urbanization experience has had an important impact on countries around the world, especially developing countries. But there is no doubt that China, like other countries in the world, is beset by "urban diseases", which can be said to be more complex and deeper, which poses a severe challenge to urban management. Yet the state of urban governance in China is worrying. On the one hand, urban disease is a centralized outbreak. Traffic congestion, urban waterlogging, spatial differentiation, housing, medical care, education, pension and other problems have become the key factors restricting urban development. On the other hand, the concept and method of urban management are backward, which do not adapt to the objective requirements of urbanization, and even promote the emergence or deterioration of urban diseases subjectively. There are many reasons, such as institutional mechanism, cultural concept and discipline theory. However, the fundamental reason is that urban management lacks compliance with urban publicity. The fundamental way to cure urban disease is to correct the deviation of urban management. On the one hand, it is necessary to clarify the characteristics, contents and corresponding mechanism of urban management in theory. Urban management is different from rural decentralized management, national macro management and enterprise micro management. State macro-management is governed by unified laws and policies; enterprise management is the micro-management of a specific organization, depending on the existence value and organizational mission of the management object; rural management has a different environment and objects, Without aggregation effect, it is a decentralized management. The characteristic of urban management is the essential attribute of the city, that is, the urban public quality determined by the urban public goods system which is composed of the urban public goods demand and the public goods supply. This determines that urban management is the management of urban public goods, that is, to manage the demand for urban public goods and the supply of urban public goods, to ensure that the total supply of urban public goods is consistent with the demand, and that all kinds of urban public goods supply and demand are consistent. Urban public goods supply spatial distribution equilibrium and supply subjective efforts in line with objective demand. The accurate expression of urban public goods demand and the spatial characteristics of urban public goods supply make citizen participation and urban planning gradually into the core of urban management. On the other hand, the public direction of urban management should be established in practice. The establishment of urban publicity depends on the city government strengthening the boundary management of supply capacity, determining the scale of urban development according to the overall supply capacity of urban public goods, and improving the supply structure according to the "short board" in the urban public goods system; It depends on the perfection of the core mechanism and the cultivation of the public sphere in order to strengthen the citizen's participation consciousness, restrict the public power, correct the government's self-interest tendency, and depend on the cultivation of the public culture to ensure the formation and continuation of the public management consciousness. In order to reduce the encroachment of subjective arbitrariness on urban management, it depends on the enrichment of discipline basic research to construct a systematic discipline system of urban management and to provide theoretical support for urban management activities.
【学位授予单位】：山东大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F299.2

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