劳动力成本上升对出口企业转型升级的倒逼作用——基于中国工业企业数据的实证研究

发布时间：2018-08-29 18:18

【摘要】：文章利用2005~2010年中国工业企业数据库的基础数据,在有效控制企业规模等因素后,对劳动力成本上升是否倒逼了中国出口企业转型升级这一命题进行实证检验。结果显示,劳动力成本上升对出口企业转型升级的"倒逼"作用总体存在,但其效应在不同行业、不同地区和不同企业类型间存在差异。对劳动密集型出口企业的倒逼作用强于对资本和技术密集型出口企业;对东部地区出口企业的倒逼作用较为显著,但对中西部地区出口企业的作用尚未充分显现;对中国本土出口企业的倒逼作用同时体现在全要素生产率水平和新产品销售额比重的提高,而对外资企业的倒逼作用则主要体现在新产品销售额比重的提高。对于劳动力成本上升背景下亟待转型升级的中国出口贸易,上述研究结论具有重要政策意涵。
[Abstract]:Based on the basic data of China's industrial enterprise database from 2005 to 2010, after effectively controlling the scale of enterprises, this paper empirically tests whether the rising labor cost has forced the transformation and upgrading of Chinese export enterprises. The results show that the upside-down effect of the rising labor cost on export enterprises' transformation and upgrading exists in general, but its effects are different in different industries, different regions and different types of enterprises. The reverse force effect on labor-intensive export enterprises is stronger than that on capital-and technology-intensive export enterprises, and on eastern export enterprises is more obvious, but it has not been fully shown to the export enterprises in the central and western regions. The reverse force effect on the local export enterprises in China is reflected in the increase of the total factor productivity level and the proportion of the new product sales, while the reverse force effect on the foreign-funded enterprises is mainly reflected in the increase of the proportion of the new product sales volume. These conclusions have important policy implications for China's export trade, which is in urgent need of transformation and upgrading under the background of rising labor costs.
【作者单位】：南京审计学院经济与贸易学院;中国社会科学院工业经济研究所;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重点项目“海洋经济战略下我国沿海地区产业转型升级问题研究”(编号:11AJY001)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F249.2;F752.62

【参考文献】