废弃物处理商基于期权契约的采购决策研究

发布时间：2018-06-17 09:43

本文选题：电子废弃物 + 现货市场　；参考：《东华大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着科学技术的发展,由废旧产品引发的资源过度消耗和环境污染问题日益严峻。因此,对废旧产品的回收和处理这一问题引起了政府和社会的重视。同时,人们环保意识的加强以及政府对环境保护措施的强有力的执行,都成了促进废弃物逆向物流在理论和实践领域发展的重要因素。近年来,随着供应链管理概念的发展和基于电子商务的现货市场的兴起,传统的采购模式正在发生变革。供应链管理的思想使供应链中的企业越来越讲求互相的合作,传统的仅从企业自身利益出发的采购模式正在慢慢向供应链环境下的采购模式转变。供应链管理模式下的采购讲求采购方与供应商之间的合作,以达到快速响应需求、降低成本、减少库存的目的,实现双方的共赢。同时电子商务现货市场的发展,改变了供应链企业之间原先基于合约的合作关系,而转变为一种合同市场和现货市场并存的关系结构。传统的有关逆向物流回收网络的采购决策的研究中,大多假设决策者为风险中性,没有考虑到决策者的风险态度对采购决策的影响。而在实践中发现,决策者的风险态度将对决策产生重要影响,因此在研究中考虑决策者的风险态度具有重要的现实意义。基于以上背景,本文主要研究的问题是：在由处理商和回收商组成的电子废弃物逆向物流网络中,考虑现货市场影响和决策者风险态度的采购决策问题。通过相关文献的研究综述、模型建模、仿真求解的方法,得到以下主要研究工作及研究成果： (1)对电子废弃物逆向物流的研究现状、供应链采购契约、期权契约、现货市场下的采购决策研究现状、考虑决策者风险态度的采购决策研究现状等研究进行了回顾。 (2)通过对期权契约的研究,结合逆向物流的特点,在考虑现货市场的影响下,构建了处理商和回收商均为风险中性决策者时,基于期权合同和组合合同(期权合同和固定合同)的逆向供应链采购模型.。运用Stackelberg博弈方法,分别对回收商主导和处理商主导的情况进行分析和比较,得出使供应链期望收益最大化的订货量和合同参数。通过数值分析对模型进行验证,比较固定合同、期权合同和组合合同对逆向供应链采购决策的影响。研究结果表明在考虑现货市场的影响下的逆向供应链采购决策中,使用组合合同优于单独使用固定合同和单独使用期权合同,能够达到供应链协调的效果。 (3)考虑决策者的风险态度,运用前景理论中的损失规避模型,构建了损失规避下处理商基于期权契约的采购模型,研究损失规避下最优订货量的影响参数。将损失规避下的订货策略和风险中性下的订货策略进行对比,分析损失规避度对订货策略的影响。研究结果表明期权订货量与损失规避系数、缺货损失等参数密切相关,订货量的多少取决于期望缺货损失和期望剩余损失之间的权衡。缺货损失对损失规避下的期权订货量影响较大,而对风险中性下的期权订货量的影响则相对较小。本文在考虑现货市场影响的情况下,构建了处理商基于期权合同和组合合同的采购模型,并分析了决策者的风险态度对采购决策的影响,更贴近实际的决策行为,可以为基于逆向物流回收网络的采购决策提供一定的决策依据。
[Abstract]:With the development of science and technology, the problem of excessive consumption of resources and environmental pollution caused by waste products is becoming more and more serious. Therefore, the problem of recycling and treatment of waste products has aroused the attention of the government and the society. At the same time, the strengthening of people's awareness of environmental protection and the strong implementation of the government's environmental protection measures have become the promotion of waste. The important factor of developing reverse logistics in the field of theory and practice.
In recent years, with the development of the concept of supply chain management and the rise of the spot market based on e-commerce, the traditional purchasing mode is changing. The idea of supply chain management makes the enterprises in the supply chain more and more mutual cooperation. The traditional purchasing mode only from the interests of the enterprises is slowly coming to the supply chain environment. In order to achieve rapid response to demand, reduce costs, reduce inventory, and achieve win-win results, the development of the spot market of E-business has changed the relationship between the supply chain enterprises and the original contract based relationship between the supply chain enterprises. A contractual relationship between the contract market and the spot market.
In the traditional research on purchasing decision of reverse logistics recycling network, most of them assume that decision-makers are risk neutral and do not take into account the influence of decision-makers' risk attitude on purchasing decision. In practice, it is found that the risk attitude of decision-makers will have an important impact on decision making, so the risk attitude of decision-makers is considered in the study. Important practical significance.
Based on the above background, the main problems of this paper are: in the electronic waste reverse logistics network composed of processors and recyclers, the purchase decision problem with the impact of spot market and the risk attitude of decision-makers is considered. The following main research work is obtained through the research review, model modeling, and real solution of the relevant literature. Research findings:
(1) the research status of reverse logistics of electronic waste, the supply chain purchase contract, the option contract, the present situation of the purchase decision under the spot market, and the research status of the decision maker's risk attitude of purchasing decision are reviewed.
(2) through the study of the option contract and the characteristics of the reverse logistics, under the influence of the spot market, the reverse supply chain purchasing model based on the option contract and the combined contract (option contract and fixed contract) is constructed under the influence of the spot market, and the Stackelberg game method is applied to the recycler. To analyze and compare the leading and processing business dominated conditions, the order quantity and contract parameters which maximize the expected profit of the supply chain are obtained. The model is verified by numerical analysis, and the effect of fixed contract, option contract and combination contract on the purchase decision of reverse supply chain is compared. The results show that the effect of the spot market is considered. In the decision making of reverse supply chain, the combination contract is superior to the fixed contract alone and the option contract alone, which can achieve the effect of supply chain coordination.
(3) taking the risk attitude of decision-makers into consideration and using the loss avoidance model in the prospect theory, a purchase model based on the option contract is constructed to study the influence parameters of the optimal order quantity under loss evasion, and the order strategy under the loss evasion and the order strategy under the risk neutral is compared and the loss avoidance degree is analyzed. The results of the study show that the order quantity of the option is closely related to the loss avoidance coefficient and the loss of the stock. The quantity of the order depends on the trade-off between the expected loss and the expected residual loss. The loss of the loss has a great influence on the order quantity of the option under the loss evasion, and the shadow of the option order under the risk neutral. The noise is relatively small.
In this paper, considering the impact of the spot market, this paper constructs a purchasing model based on the option contract and the combination contract, and analyzes the influence of the risk attitude of the decision-makers on the purchasing decision, and is closer to the actual decision-making behavior. It can provide a certain decision basis for the purchase decision based on the reverse logistics network.
【学位授予单位】：东华大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F274;F252;F713.2

【参考文献】