我国信托受托人谨慎投资义务研究

发布时间：2018-02-24 18:50

本文关键词： 信托信义义务谨慎投资义务　出处：《福州大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：信托是委托人基于信任将财产交付给受托人,为受益人谋取利益。在信托法律关系中,受托人位于中心地位,规制受托人行为成为信托法的关键环节,于是法律赋予受托人忠实义务、注意义务,分别从动静两方面规制受托人的行为。忠实义务就是要求受托人忠于受益人的利益,避免自己与受益人发生利益冲突,是对受托人道德方面的要求；注意义务要求受托人尽到与其专业相应的技能。随着信托的发展,投资功能越来越突出,受托人必须具有信托管理方面的专业技能,因此注意义务的重要性日益突出。注意义务是受托人行为的约束者,对注意义务提出具体内容是必要的。谨慎投资者规则区分了专业受托人与非专业受托人不同的注意标准,并对受托人的技能提出要求。谨慎投资规则历经了三个阶段,每个阶段都是以判例为基础,笔者分析了每个阶段的判例,同时还对美国《统一谨慎投资者规则》的具体条文作了评析。与英美法系国家相比,我国不管在立法上还是实践中都存在不足。故笔者在分析英美法系国家谨慎投资制度的基础上,提出完善我国谨慎投资义务的建议。本文除序言和结语,分为四部分：第一部分谨慎投资义务的概况。首先对信义义务作简要说明,忠实义务与谨慎义务是信义义务的主要内容,这两种义务既有区别又有联系。然后,谨慎投资义务来源于谨慎义务,两者之间是种属关系。第二部分谨慎投资义务的立法价值。谨慎投资义务侧重于规制受托人的投资行为,受托人的投资行为离不开社会经济的发展,现代投资组合理念与有效资本市场为谨慎投资义务的实施提供了经济理论基础。谨慎投资义务是信托制度的重要组成部分,其离不开信托制度运行的衡平法基础即信赖关系,这为受托人谨慎投资义务奠定了法律基础。第三部分考察两大法系国家谨慎投资义务。重点阐述美国谨慎投资规则,其规则既有原则性标准又有具体标准,而大陆法系国家大多是原则性规定,特别是我国,其规定笼统,抽象,不适应市场经济发展规律。第四部分完善我国谨慎投资义务法律规定。虽然我国信托制度与英美法系国家的发育土壤不同,但我我国仍然具备吸收受托人谨慎投资义务的条件。从理论和现实价值两个方面论证英美法系国家谨慎投资义务的可行性,进而提出完善建议。
[Abstract]:Trust is that the trustor delivers the property to the trustee on the basis of trust for the benefit of the beneficiary. In the legal relationship of trust, the trustee is in the central position, and the regulation of the behavior of the trustee becomes the key link of the trust law. So the law entrusts the trustee with the duty of loyalty and duty of care, and regulates the behavior of the trustee from two aspects, namely, the duty of loyalty requires the trustee to be loyal to the interests of the beneficiary and to avoid conflicts of interest between himself and the beneficiary. With the development of trust, the investment function becomes more and more prominent, and the trustee must have professional skills in trust management. Therefore, the importance of the duty of care is becoming more and more prominent. The duty of care is the binding factor of the behavior of the trustee, so it is necessary to put forward the specific content of the duty of care. The rules of cautious investors distinguish the different standards of care between the professional trustee and the non-professional trustee. The rules of prudent investment have gone through three stages, each stage is based on the case law, the author has analyzed the case law of each stage. At the same time, it also makes a comment on the specific provisions of the United States "uniform prudent Investor rules". Compared with the common law countries, Therefore, on the basis of analyzing the prudent investment system in Anglo-American legal system, the author puts forward some suggestions to perfect our country's prudent investment obligation. It is divided into four parts: the first part is the general situation of the duty of prudent investment. Firstly, the obligation of faithfulness and duty of care is the main content of the obligation of fiduciary faith. The second part is the legislative value of the prudent investment obligation, which focuses on regulating the investment behavior of the trustee. The investment behavior of trustees can not be separated from the development of social economy. The concept of modern investment portfolio and the effective capital market provide the economic theoretical basis for the implementation of prudent investment obligation, which is an important part of the trust system. It is inseparable from the equity basis of the operation of the trust system, that is, the trust relationship, which lays a legal foundation for the trustee's prudent investment obligations. The third part examines the prudent investment obligations of the countries in the two major legal systems. Its rules have both principled and concrete standards, while most of the countries in the civil law system are principled provisions, especially in China, whose provisions are general and abstract. Not adapted to the law of the development of market economy. 4th partially consummates the legal provisions of China's prudent investment obligations. Although the trust system of our country is different from the development soil of Anglo-American law countries, However, our country still has the conditions to absorb the trustee's prudent investment obligation, and proves the feasibility of the prudent investment obligation of Anglo-American law countries from two aspects of theoretical and practical value, and then puts forward some suggestions to improve it.
【学位授予单位】：福州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：D922.282

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