中国碳基金融资模式研究

发布时间：2018-03-04 03:05

本文选题：碳基金　切入点：碳金融　出处：《吉林大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：进入21世纪,气温的持续升高对人类社会的正常生活以及经济活动造成严重影响;全球气候变暖已经成了一个全人类所共同面临并亟待解决的问题。为了解决这一问题,世界各国携手共进,相继制定了《联合国气候变化公约》与《京都议定书》,为降低温室气体排放制定了明确的解决方法与目标;其中2005年生效的《京都议定书》更是创设性提出三种补充性的市场机制,为碳排放建立市场性交易体系,使温室气体减排量能够转换为无形商品可供国际间交易,这直接促进碳市场的产生与发展。2012《京都议定书》到期废止,中国作为国际大国承担起联合各国构建新环境准则的责任。2015年经过艰难的谈判,《巴黎协定》在巴黎气候变化大会上获通过;在该协定背景下世界各国都需要根据自身经济发展情况主动履行减排预案目标;中国在提交的自主贡献预案中承诺中国二氧化碳的排放量将于2030年达到顶峰,政府会引导国内的低碳经济发展争取提前达到顶峰,同时承诺单位国内GDP二氧化碳排放量比2005年下降60%-65%,降低非化石能源占一次性能源消费比重20%。为了达到以上目标,中国政府需要大力发展低碳经济,构建碳市场交易体系。碳基金作为完善碳金融市场的重要碳金融工具,在我国起步较晚,尚处于起步阶段,与国外成熟运作的碳基金相比在管理经营、资金规模、融资方式上还有一定差距。融资是基金中最关键的过程,融资的结果决定了碳基金的性质、运作方式、投向、利润分配等等,因此融资模式的前期构建显得尤为重要。本文依托低碳经济发展背景,概述了碳基金在全球的发展情况以及当前研究进展;通过对国内外融资模式的研究进行对比分析得出国内碳基金的特点与不足;根据当前国内现状与经济发展特点创新性提出国内私募介入碳基金、基于PPP融资模式碳基金、碳税融资模式碳基金、互联网金融背景下众筹融资模式以及对接金融中介机构融资等五种融资模式,并对这五种融资模式进行研究,探讨其对接目前中国碳基金的具体方式。最后根据中国当前碳基金的发展程度,分别从市场风险、法律制度等不同角度提出具体政策建议。我国碳基金欲构建完整、成熟、高效的融资模式,首先需要在投融资各个环节控制其风险,使风险把握在投资人可以接受的范围内;其次需要政府构建完善的法律体系,完善碳交易市场,为碳基金的发展提供良好的温床;多渠道拓展融资渠道,打通民间资本投资通道;多渠道宣传碳基金,提高民众认识,增强碳基金影响。
[Abstract]:In twenty-first Century, the temperature continues to rise to the human society's normal life and economic activities caused serious influence; global warming has become a global human facing and the problems to be solved. In order to solve this problem, countries all over the world together, have been made the "United Nations Framework Convention on climate change" and "Kyoto Protocol >, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions targets and formulated a clear solution; which came into effect in 2005" Kyoto Protocol > is the creation of the market mechanism of three kinds of complementary, for the establishment of market of carbon emissions trading system, emissions reductions can be converted to the intangible goods available for international transactions, the directly promote the formation and development of the.2012< carbon market maturity Kyoto Protocol > China abolished, as international powers to assume the United Nations Environment Standards Gou Jianxin.2015 liability after difficult < > the Paris agreement negotiations, agreed at the Paris Conference on climate change; in the agreement under the background of all countries in the world according to their own economic development initiative to fulfill the emission reduction plan targets; carbon dioxide emissions Chinese China commitment will peak in 2030 in the independent contribution plan submitted by the government, will guide the development of low carbon economy in China to advance the peak, while the domestic GDP unit commitment of carbon dioxide emissions decreased 60%-65% lower than in 2005, non fossil energy accounts for the proportion of primary energy consumption of 20%. in order to achieve the above goals, China governments need to develop low-carbon economy, construction of the carbon market trading system. As an important carbon carbon fund to improve the financial instruments of the carbon finance market started late in. Our country is still in the initial stage, compared with foreign mature operation in the management of carbon fund, the size of funds, financing methods and A certain gap. Financing is the key process of funds, financing results decide the nature of carbon fund operation, investment, profit distribution and so on, so the financing mode is particularly important. This paper is based on the background of the development of low-carbon economy, the carbon fund in the global development and the current research progress of; comparative analysis of characteristics that domestic carbon fund shortage and through the research of domestic and foreign financing mode; according to the current domestic situation and the characteristics of the economic development of the innovative domestic private interventional carbon fund, PPP financing mode based on the carbon fund carbon tax, carbon fund financing mode, the Internet financial background to raise public financing mode, docking financial intermediaries five kinds of financing and financing mode, and the study of the five kinds of financing mode, to explore the current Chinese docking carbon fund specific ways. According to the current Chinese The degree of development of carbon funds, respectively from the market risk, put forward specific policy suggestions from different angles. The legal system of China's carbon fund to build a complete, mature and efficient mode of financing, investment and financing needs first in all aspects of its risk control, the risk investors hold in the acceptable range; secondly, to construct the legal government improve the system, improve the carbon trading market, provide a good development for the hotbed of carbon fund; multiple channels to expand financing channels, open private capital investment channels; multi channels to promote carbon fund, increase public awareness, enhance the effect of carbon fund.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：X196;F832.5

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