融资租赁在中小企业融资中的应用研究

发布时间：2018-03-08 08:20

本文选题：中小企业　切入点：融资租赁　出处：《天津商业大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着我国经济的飞速发展，中小型企业是我国经济发展的重要基础，在国民经济中发挥着越来越重要的作用。我国经济正处在转型时期，劳动力比较充裕，而资本相对不足，在中小型企业的快速发展过程中，我国的金融体系仍然不能满足中小企业的融资需求，这将导致大部分中小型企业都会陷入融资困境，限制了中小企业的平稳发展和扩张。中小企业融资的来源一般由内源融资和外源融资两部分组成，然而，由于中小企业普遍成立时间短、规模小、利润低等诸多问题，而且中小企业一般没有留存意识或者无利可留，因此依靠内源融资无法解决目前面临的融资困境难题，因此，中小企业只能寻求外源融资。然而对于中小企业来说，由于自身的诸多原因使得从银行获得贷款费时费力而且成本还高，同时能够通过资本市场发行股票和债券获得融资的中小企业又少之又少。因此，对于大部分中小企业来说，这几条融资渠道都解决不了融资难的问题。融资租赁是一种将企业的资金需求与设备需求相结合的创新金融工具，具有租赁标的物“所有权”和“使用权”分离的特征，中小型企业通过融物的形式来实现融资的目的。融资租赁公司可以凭借专业评估，在较短时间内实现向中小企业融通资金。因此，利用融资租赁来缓解中小企业融资难的问题更符合我国当前的现实状况。本文首先基于我国中小企业当前的融资形势，分别从内源融资、外源融资以及外源融资中的直接融资和间接融资方式等途径分析了中小企业融资难的原因。然后通过对融资租赁在中小企业融资中的比较优势进行定性分析，由于融资租赁具有融资门槛低，适合中小企业发展；融资期限长，租金支付方式灵活多样；延迟纳税，提高资金流动性；盘活已有资产，改善财务状况等多种优势，所以提出了融资租赁是中小企业解决融资难问题的一个现实选择。然后，又对融资租赁在中小企业中开展业务的具体业务流程进行了阐述，主要包括融资租赁公司主动开发有融资需求的中小企业客户，确立初步合作意向，租赁公司进行项目立项和开展尽职调查，项目谈判，租赁公司内部评审与审批，签订买卖合同和融资租赁合同，融资租赁项目交付验收，，中小企业分期按时支付租金，到期转让资产权属，租赁物残值处理等重要流程。然后对融资租赁公司在面向中小企业开展融资租赁服务时的风险管理问题提出了实行保证金制度、规范租赁物的标准、标注租赁标识和产权登记、定期资产巡视、结合融资担保和抵押等管理措施。最后，结合目前中小企业开展融资租赁的现状，针对政府提出了加快中小企业信用体系建设、加强税收、补贴、信贷等方面的政策扶持力度以及完善融资租赁法律体系的建议，针对租赁公司提出了创新租赁产品和资产管理的建议，针对中小企业则提出了树立使用权观念的策略建议。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, small and medium enterprises is an important foundation for China's economic development, plays an increasingly important role in the national economy. China's economy is in transition period, abundant labor force, and the relative shortage of capital, in the process of rapid development of small and medium enterprises, the financial system of our country still can not meet the financing needs of SMEs, which will lead to the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises will fall into financial difficulties, restrict the smooth development of small and medium enterprises and expansion. The small and medium-sized enterprise financing sources by internal financing and external financing of two parts, however, due to the small and medium-sized enterprises generally set up a short time, small scale, many problems of profit the low and small and medium enterprises generally did not retain consciousness or no benefit or stay, therefore cannot rely on internal financing to solve the financing difficulties facing the problem, therefore, only small and medium sized enterprises To seek external financing for small and medium enterprises. However, due to many reasons because of its time-consuming to obtain loans from the bank and the cost is high, also can through the capital market issuance of stocks and bonds for the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises and less and less. Therefore, for a large part of small and medium-sized enterprises, the financing channels are resolved no problem of financing.
Financial leasing is a combination of demand for funds and equipment requirements of the enterprise financial tool innovation, has the characteristics of leasehold "ownership" and "right to use" isolated, small and medium enterprises to achieve the purpose of financing through financial leasing companies can form. By virtue of professional assessment, implementation of financing to SMEs Enterprise funds in a relatively short period of time. Therefore, to alleviate the financing problem of SMEs is more consistent with the reality of China's current use of financial leasing.
Firstly, based on the current financing situation of small and medium-sized enterprises in China, financing from endogenous, exogenous financing way and direct financing in external financing and indirect financing of financing of small and medium-sized enterprises. Then through qualitative analysis of the comparative advantage in the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in the financing lease of the financing lease has financing threshold low, suitable for the development of small and medium-sized enterprises; long term financing, flexible rent payment; tax deferred, raise liquidity; make an inventory of existing assets, improving the financial situation and other advantages, the proposed financing lease financing is a realistic choice to solve the problem of small and medium-sized enterprises. Then, the specific business process of financing lease to carry out business in small and medium sized enterprises are described, including financial leasing companies to actively explore the financing needs of small and medium enterprise customers, really Make a preliminary cooperation intention, the leasing company for the project and carry out due diligence, project negotiation, internal review and approval of the leasing company, signed a contract for the sale and lease contract, leasing project delivery acceptance, staging of small and medium-sized enterprises to pay the rent on time, due to transfer of ownership of assets, lease and other important salvage treatment process. Then the problems of risk management in the development of financial leasing services for small and medium-sized enterprises of the financial leasing company put forward the implementation of security system, standard lease standards, marking lease identification and registration of property rights, assets inspection regularly, with financing guarantees and collateral management measures. Finally, combining with the current situation of small and medium-sized enterprises to carry out financial leasing, the government proposes to speed up the construction of the credit system of small and medium-sized enterprises, strengthen tax, subsidies, credit and other aspects of policy support and improve the legal system of financial leasing Suggestions for leasing companies are proposed for innovative leasing products and asset management, and strategies for establishing the concept of right to use are proposed for small and medium-sized enterprises.

【学位授予单位】：天津商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F275;F276.3;F832.49

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