我国农地信托法律问题研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 08:38

本文选题：土地经营权　切入点：农地流转　出处：《北京农学院》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为农地流转融资制度创新,农地信托是指在土地承包期限内,委托人以土地经营权为信托财产,将其委托给受托人管理或处分,受托人按照信托计划对土地经营权进行经营管理,在信托计划结束后向土地承包经营权人分配信托收益,归还土地经营权。信托公司作为受托人参与到农地信托流转中发端于2013年,至今已有中信信托、北京信托等多家信托公司在北京、黑龙江、安徽、山东、河南、贵州、上海、四川等开展了二十余个项目实践。作为盘活农村土地资源的金融探索,用市场化手段“自下而上”破解农业要素配置难题,为农业生产融通资金,对于破解当下“三农”发展困境具有积极意义。然而,我国信托立法尚不健全、可操作性不强,农地信托在实际运行中面临委托人法律地位不明、受托人激励机制缺乏、登记制度缺位等诸多问题。观之英国、美国、日本以及我国台湾等地的土地信托,其健全的信托法律体系、专业的农地信托机构、较为完善的风险防范和监管体制,对我国农地信托制度构建具有借鉴意义。本研究从五个方面对我国农地信托法律问题进行阐释分析。第一部分农地信托概述,该部分界定了农地信托概念,对农地信托特点进行研判,并分析了农地信托的必要性和价值。第二部分各地农地信托探索实践,梳理了我国农地信托的典型实践模式并进行评析。第三部分我国农地信托实践面临的法律问题,研判分析了农地信托委托人身份是否适格、受托人激励机制不足、配套制度缺乏的问题。第四部分是农地信托法律关系厘定,分别探讨了政府代理模式和双合作社模式两种模式的农地信托法律关系主体、法律关系内容,为我国农地信托法律问题的解决奠定了理论基础。第五部分我国农地信托法律问题的解决对策,从完善农地信托相关立法,构筑受托人激励和保障机制,构建农地信托登记和监督制度三个层面提出建议。
[Abstract]:As the innovation of farmland circulation financing system, farmland trust refers to the trust property of the principal, which is entrusted to the trustee to manage or dispose of the land management right within the time limit of land contract. The trustee shall manage the land management right according to the trust plan, and distribute the trust income to the land contract management owner after the end of the trust plan, The return of land management rights. Trust companies as trustees to participate in the circulation of agricultural land trust began in 2013. So far, there have been CITIC Trust, Beijing Trust and many other trust companies in Beijing, Heilongjiang, Anhui, Shandong, Henan, Guizhou, Shanghai, etc. Sichuan has carried out more than 20 project practices. As a financial exploration to invigorate rural land resources, market-oriented means are used to solve the problem of allocation of agricultural elements by means of "bottom-up", so as to finance agricultural production. However, the legislation of trust in our country is not perfect, the maneuverability is not strong, the legal status of rural land trust is not clear in actual operation, and the incentive mechanism of trustee is lacking. The land trust in the United Kingdom, the United States, Japan and Taiwan has a sound trust legal system, a professional farmland trust, a relatively perfect risk prevention and supervision system, and so on. This study explains and analyzes the legal problems of farmland trust in China from five aspects. The first part is an overview of farmland trust, which defines the concept of farmland trust. The characteristics of farmland trust are studied, and the necessity and value of farmland trust are analyzed. The third part analyzes the legal problems faced by the practice of farmland trust in China, and analyzes whether the status of the principal of farmland trust is appropriate and the incentive mechanism of the trustee is inadequate. The fourth part is about the determination of the legal relationship of farmland trust, which discusses the subject and content of the legal relationship of farmland trust in the two modes of government agency mode and double cooperative mode, respectively. It lays a theoretical foundation for solving the legal problems of farmland trust in our country. The fifth part is the countermeasures to solve the legal problems of farmland trust in our country, from perfecting the relevant legislation of agricultural land trust and constructing the mechanism of encouragement and protection of trustees. Three levels of farmland trust registration and supervision system are proposed.
【学位授予单位】：北京农学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：D922.282;D922.32;F321.1

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