农业银行农户小额贷款业务可持续发展研究

发布时间：2018-05-17 03:00

本文选题：农业银行 + 农村金融　；参考：《河北农业大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：作为“三农”问题的核心之一,农户贷款难一直是政府、社会及学术界关注的焦点。虽然农户贷款对于缓解农民贫困、提升农民福利、促进社会和谐具有重要意义,但由于农村金融市场信息不对称严重、交易费用较高等问题,加上农民缺乏有效抵质押物,农户贷款难的问题普遍存在,尤其是面向中低收入农民的农户小额贷款,正规金融机构一般不愿介入。我国自上世纪80年代探索农户小额贷款项目以来,先后经历了国外扶贫组织推动、国内非政府组织试点、政府推动金融机构实施、正规金融机构自发探索等阶段,虽然都取得一定的成绩,但均难以实现可持续发展。农业银行作为一家国有控股、横跨城乡的大型商业银行,面向“三农”是中央赋予其的市场定位和历史使命,农业银行改制后,以农户小额贷款为拳头产品积极拓展农村信贷市场,履行为农户服务的社会责任。然而作为一家公众持股的上市银行,实现盈利最大化是主要经营目标,因此其农户小额贷款业务必须实现商业化运作和可持续发展。文章的目的即在于通过研究农业银行农户小额贷款业务发展的可持续性,提出有利于实现农户小额贷款可持续发展的建议。鉴于学术界对农户小额贷款问题已有大量的研究,文章采取理论联系业务实践的方法,通过研究农村金融理论、信息不对称理论、交易费用理论、社会资本理论等,以找寻农户小额贷款所面临困难、问题的理论原因,为实践提供决策依据。之后,采取比较法对国内外农户小额贷款业务的发展实践进行研究、借鉴,得出了对农行开展农户小额贷款业务的启示和教训；其中,采用案例分析法,深入研究了孟加拉乡村银行模式、印度尼西亚人民银行模式,以及我国农村信用社、邮政储蓄银行的小额贷款发展模式。最后,通过层次分析法,逐条研究农业银行农户小额贷款业务的发展可持续性。通过对农业银行发展农户小额贷款业务的外部环境、内部条件、营销服务模式、贷款担保模式、组织管理能力、业务盈利能力及风险防控能力等方面因素的可持续性进行研究,得出了农户小额贷款业务基本具备可持续发展的条件、但同时面临不少挑战的结论。针对这些挑战和问题,文章最后提出了政策建议。
[Abstract]:As one of the core of the "three rural" problems, the difficulty of farmers' loans has always been the focus of the government, social and academic circles. Although farmers' loans are of great significance to alleviate the poverty of farmers, promote the welfare of farmers and promote social harmony, the information of the rural financial market is not serious, the transaction costs are higher, and the farmers are lacking. The problem of the loan is difficult for the farmers, especially the small loans for the farmers of the middle and low income farmers, and the regular financial institutions are generally reluctant to intervene. Since the exploration of the small loan projects in 80s of last century, China has experienced the push by the foreign poverty alleviation organization, the pilot of the domestic non-governmental organizations and the government to promote the finance. It is difficult to achieve sustainable development in the implementation of institutions and the spontaneous exploration of regular financial institutions, but it is difficult to achieve sustainable development. As a state-owned holding, the Agricultural Bank is a large commercial bank across urban and rural areas. It is the market orientation and historical mission entrusted to the "three rural" by the central government. After the reform of the Agricultural Bank, the Agricultural Bank has a small loan of farmers. To expand the rural credit market actively for the fist products and fulfill the social responsibility for the service of farmers. However, as a public owned listed bank, the maximization of profit is the main business goal, so the small loan business of farmers must be commercialized and sustainable development. The purpose of this article is to study the Agricultural Bank through the study of Agricultural Bank. The sustainability of farmers' small loan business development is proposed, which is conducive to the realization of sustainable development of microfinance for farmers.
In view of the large amount of research in the academic community on the problem of farmers' small loans, the article adopts the method of linking theory with business practice, through the study of rural finance theory, information asymmetry theory, transaction cost theory, social capital theory and so on, in order to find out the difficulties of farmers' small loans, the theoretical reasons for the problem, and provide the decision-making basis for practice. After that, we take a comparative method to study the development practice of small loan business of farmers at home and abroad, draw lessons from the reference and draw lessons from the Agricultural Bank of China to carry out the small loan business of farmers; in which case analysis is used, the model of Bangladeshi bank, the model of the people's Bank of Indonesia, and the postal service of the rural credit cooperatives in China are deeply studied. Finally, through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP), the sustainability of the small loan business of Agricultural Bank of China is studied one by one.
Through the research on the sustainability of the Agricultural Bank's external environment, the internal conditions, the marketing service mode, the loan guarantee mode, the organization and management ability, the business profit ability and the risk prevention and control ability, this paper draws a conclusion that the farmers' small loan business has the basic conditions for sustainable development, but at the same time Facing many challenges, the article finally puts forward policy recommendations for these challenges and problems.
【学位授予单位】：河北农业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.43

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