中国农地流转信托模式研究

发布时间：2018-06-09 23:33

本文选题：中国农地流转 + 信托模式　；参考：《西南财经大学》2014年硕士论文

【摘要】：农业是我国国民经济的基础,“三农”问题一直是我国改革开放的重点事项和任务,学界关于“三农”的研究和讨论及相应的成果也一直颇丰。农地流转这一主题与“三农”问题有着十分密切的联系。在农地实施家庭联产承包制以来,我国农村土地流转制度处在不断的改革变化过程中,并逐步形成了以转租、转包、转让、互换为主的农地流转方式,这些方式都有助于农户与农户、农户与种植大户或农业公司间实现农地的流转。进入新世纪以来,随着农村人地矛盾关系的继续深化,在农地流转制度方面也产生了一些更为灵活、更具创新的流转方式,比如,以农地入股或参股合作的流转方式,政府设立的公益性土地服务中心的流转方式,村委会参与的反租倒包的流转方式,这类流转方式均由中介机构参与组织,在一定程度上促进了农地的流转效率提高,同时也存在很多的问题。譬如,政府干预过度,农户利益受损,欺农、压农的现象不断发生等等。农村土地流转制度面临着进一步改进和创新的必要。农地信托流转模式是农地经营权流转的一种创新形式。本质上,它仍坚持农地集体所有权和农民承包权稳定,农地使用用途不改变为前提,坚持农地承包经营权持有人自愿有偿的原则。通过运用市场化机制,引进市场性的组织——商业信托公司,发挥其流转和金融中介的作用,提高了我国农地流转的效率,有利于各参与主体利益诉求的满足,建立了良性的经济关系。本文以中国农地流转信托模式为题,基于笔者的经济学专业背景,结合了信托理论、金融创新理论、交易费用理论、规模经济理论等对农地流转信托展开研究与分析。通过理顺农地流转信托在我国的产生和发展历程,农地流转信托基本模式,制约其发展的因素和相应的对策建议,以期能够为农地流转信托将来在我国的发展提供一定的建议和对策。文章开篇是绪论章,前两节主要介绍选题的背景,选题的意义,主要的研究框架和内容,主要研究方法,为文章的整个研究作了研究的准备和铺垫。接下来是理论基础,文中主要运用的信托学理论、金融创新理论、规模经济理论和交易费用理论。然后是文献综述的回顾,阐述了国外对土地信托相关研究的主要方向和重点,开展土地信托采取的模式及其意义。最后一节是说明笔者论文的主要创新和不足之处。作为对农地流转信托系统地研究,本文存在一定的创新点,包括对农地流转信托的定义,农地流转信托产生和发展的梳理,农地流转信托基本模式,以及运用逆向选择理论,博弈分析工具的运用来阐述农地流转信托运行效率的制约因素等。另外,出于笔者知识和阅历的有限,论文也存在一定的不足,比如缺乏以数据为基础的定量的研究,使得科学性和严谨性有所欠缺。第二章主要是阐述中国农地流转信托的兴起。首先,该章对农地流转信托的内涵界定,对典型的农地流转信托项目——中信·农村土地承包经营权集合信托计划1301期进行简要的介绍,使读者对农地流转信托有了更为具体的认识。接着,分析我国农地流转信托发展的重大意义。笔者认为,农地流转信托是当前我国农地流转方式存在的问题和缺陷所引致而产生的,通过引入市场化的中介机制,提高了农民流转的积极性；农业经营公司获得了农地承包经营权和农地经营资金,解决了“双重困境”；信托公司适时扩大业务范围,创造了新的利润增长点；有利于加强对农地经营的监管,保障了委托人的收益；农地大面积、成片利用能实现规模效益,提高土地资源的利用效率等重大意义。最后,本章也详细地描述了农地流转信托在我国的产生和发展历程,包括其雏形阶段以及当前的发展状况,介绍其发展规模、范围、主要的信托计划和参与的信托公司等。第三章是对农地流转信托基本模式的分析。通过梳理基本模式,也就论证了农地流信托的基本机制。首先,分析了农地信托基本结构,以直观地展示农地流转信托。其次,就农地流转信托模式的各个参与主体进行了介绍,包括土地承包经营权持有人、信托公司、信托投资者、农业经营公司等。然后,总结分析了农地流转信托运作的整个流程,从信托计划的准备阶段,信托计划运行以及信托计划退出各个阶段。再次,从信托产品的设计角度分析农地流转信托模式,梳理信托产品连结的经济关系,重点分析了各主体间的关系,委托人与商业信托公司、商业信托公司与农业经营公司等,以及相互之间的经济利益关系和权利义务的配置关系。第四章分析的是制约我国农地流转信托运行效率的主要因素。从农地流转信托计划运行效率的角度提出,认为当前我国农地流转信托的推广和发展还存在着一系列的制约因素：农地权属不清造成信托交易障碍；农地质量博弈导致农地流转市场的逆向选择；农地流转信托产品连结异化形成制度冲突等。其中,对农地流转信托市场的逆向选择问题,笔者运用了博弈论的分析,通过变量的假设,结合信息不对称理论,分析了农户与信托公司在农地委托受托过程中的行为策略方式,并计算了相应的支付结果,列出支付矩阵,得出矩阵的纳什均衡解,结果显示,农地质量差异导致的逆向选择将严重影响到农地流转信托业务质量,制约我国农地流转信托市场的进一步发展壮大。最后针对当前的农地流转信托效率制约因素提出了完善农地流转信托模式的建议和措施,文中从商业信托公司、信托委托人以及政府的角度进行。从商业信托公司角度来说,要建立公正、透明的农地价值的评估体系,对农地分等和定级,实行差别地租；严格规范信托产品连结,端正自身经营方式和行为；实行严格的农地信托流转财产的登记工作,保障委托方利益。从委托方角度来说,提高对农地流转信托的认识,提高维护自身权利和利益的意识。从政府的角度来说,要进一步扩大农地确权登记颁证试点,明确我国农地的权属；成立农地流转信托监管机构,加强对农地流转的监管；完善农地流转和经营的法律法规,规范信托公司和农业经营公司的行为。文章的研究结论认为,农地流转信托作为一种金融创新产品,能够很好地满足各个信托参与主体的利益诉求,能够使各主体间建立起良性的经济关系和权利义务的配置,能够促进我国农村土地的流转,有利于中国农地流转效率的提高,有利于中国农地经营的规模化、集约化水平的提高,有利于我国农地资源的利用效率的提高。但是,实践中中国农地流转信托尚不成熟和规范,其运行效率的提高还存在着多种制约因素,需要从信托产品交易的各个参与主体采取合理的对策措施,为完善中国农地流转信托模式创造条件。
[Abstract]:Agriculture is the basis of our national economy, and the issue of "three rural" has always been the key issue and task of China's reform and opening up. The research and discussion and the corresponding achievements of the "three rural" have always been quite abundant in the academic circles. The theme of the agricultural land transfer is closely related to the "three rural" problems. The rural land transfer system in China is in the process of continuous reform and change, and gradually forms the rural land transfer mode based on sublease, subcontracting, transfer and exchange. These methods all help farmers and farmers, farmers and farmers and agricultural companies to realize the transfer of farmland. Since the new century, with the contradictions in rural people and land relations. Further deepening, there are some more flexible and more innovative circulation modes in the agricultural land transfer system, for example, the circulation mode of agricultural land or share cooperation, the circulation mode of public welfare land service center set up by the government and the circulation mode of the villager committee participating in the reverse sublease of the village committee, which are all involved in the intermediary agencies. The organization, to a certain extent, has promoted the efficiency of the transfer of farmland, and there are also many problems. For example, the excessive government intervention, the damage of farmers' interests, the phenomenon of bullying the agriculture and the pressing of agriculture, etc., and so on. The rural land transfer system is faced with the need for further improvement and innovation.
The mode of land trust transfer is an innovative form of the transfer of farmland management right. In essence, it still insists on the stability of the collective ownership of farmland and the farmers' right to contract, the use of farmland is not changed as the premise, the principle of voluntary compensation for the holders of the farmland contract management right. The trust company, playing its circulation and the role of financial intermediaries, has improved the efficiency of the transfer of agricultural land in China, and is conducive to the satisfaction of the interests of the participants, and has established a benign economic relationship.
In this paper, based on the Chinese land transfer trust model, based on the author's professional background of economics, it combines the theory of trust, the theory of financial innovation, the theory of transaction cost, the theory of scale economy and so on. In order to provide some suggestions and Countermeasures for the future development of rural land transfer trust in China.
The first two sections are the introduction chapter, the first two sections mainly introduce the background of the topic, the significance of the topic, the main research framework and content, the main research methods, the preparation and paving for the whole research of the article. The next is the theoretical basis, the main application of the trust theory, the financial innovation theory, the scale economy theory and the transaction cost. Then, it reviews the literature review, expounds the main direction and focus of the research on land trust abroad, the mode and its significance to carry out the land trust. The last section is the main innovation and shortcomings of the author's thesis. As a research on the land transfer trust system, the paper has some innovation points, including the The definition of land transfer trust, the formation and development of land transfer trust, the basic model of land transfer trust, and the use of the theory of reverse selection and the use of game analysis tools to explain the restrictive factors of the efficiency of rural land transfer trust, and the limitations of the author's knowledge and experience, such as the limitations of the paper, such as Lack of quantitative research based on data makes scientific and preciseness lacking.
The second chapter mainly expounds the rise of the land transfer trust of China. First, the chapter defines the connotation of the land transfer trust, and briefly introduces the 1301 period of the typical rural land transfer trust project, the set trust plan of the rural land contract management right, so that the readers have a more specific understanding of the agricultural land transfer trust. This paper analyzes the great significance of the development of the land transfer trust in China. The author believes that the rural land transfer trust is caused by the existing problems and defects of the current mode of rural land transfer in China. Through the introduction of the intermediary mechanism of the market, the enthusiasm of the farmers' circulation has been improved. The agricultural management companies have obtained the land contract management right and the agricultural land management. Funds have solved the "double predicament"; trust companies expand their scope of business at the right time and create new profit growth points; it is beneficial to strengthen the supervision of agricultural land management and guarantee the income of the clients; the large area of farmland can realize scale efficiency and improve the utilization efficiency of land resources. Finally, this chapter is also detailed. This paper describes the course of the production and development of the land transfer trust in China, including its embryonic stage and current development situation, and introduces its development scale, scope, main trust plans and participating trust companies.
The third chapter is an analysis of the basic model of the land transfer trust. By combing the basic model, the basic mechanism of the land flow trust is demonstrated. First, the basic structure of the land trust is analyzed to display the land transfer trust directly. Secondly, the various participants of the land transfer trust model are introduced, including the land contract management. Right holders, trust companies, trust investors, agricultural companies and so on. Then, the whole process of land transfer trust operation is summarized and analyzed, from the stage of preparation of the trust plan, the operation of trust plan and the exit of trust plan. Thirdly, the trust model is analyzed and the trust products are combed from the point of setting up the trust products. The linked economic relationship focuses on the relationship between the various subjects, the client and the commercial trust company, the commercial trust company and the agricultural business company, as well as the relationship between the economic interests and the rights and obligations between each other.
The fourth chapter analyzes the main factors that restrict the efficiency of the rural land transfer trust operation. From the perspective of the operation efficiency of the land transfer trust plan, it is considered that there are still a series of restrictive factors in the promotion and development of the current land transfer trust in China: the lack of land ownership has caused the trust transaction barriers, and the farm land quality game leads to farmers. The reverse selection of the land circulation market and the alienation of the agricultural land transfer trust products form the system conflict. Among them, the author uses the game theory to analyze the reverse choice of the land transfer trust market, and analyzes the actions of farmers and trust companies in the entrusting process of agricultural land through the hypothesis of variables and the theory of information asymmetry. For the strategy, the corresponding payment results are calculated, the payment matrix is listed, and the Nash equilibrium solution of the matrix is obtained. The result shows that the adverse selection caused by the land quality difference will seriously affect the quality of the land transfer trust business, and restricts the development of the land transfer trust market in China.
Finally, the suggestions and measures to improve the land transfer trust model are proposed in view of the current constraints on the efficiency of rural land transfer trust, from the perspective of commercial trust companies, trust trustees and the government. From the perspective of commercial trust companies, a fair and transparent evaluation system of farmland value should be established, and the farmland classification and grading should be established. Carry out different land rent; strictly regulate the link of trust products, correct the way and behavior of their own management; carry out the strict registration of the land trust circulation property, guarantee the interests of the principal. From the point of view of the principal, improve the awareness of the land transfer trust and improve the consciousness of safeguarding the rights and interests of its own. From the point of view of the government, it is necessary. We should further expand the pilot of the registration of farmland right registration, clarify the ownership of agricultural land in our country, establish the regulatory agency of farmland transfer trust, strengthen the supervision of the circulation of farmland, improve the laws and regulations of the circulation and management of farmland, and standardize the behavior of the trust companies and the agricultural management companies.
The conclusion of the paper is that, as a kind of financial innovation product, the land transfer trust can satisfy the interest demands of the various trusts, and can establish a benign economic relationship and the allocation of rights and obligations among the various subjects, and can promote the circulation of rural land in China, and be beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency of the rural land circulation in China. It is beneficial to the scale of agricultural land management in China and the improvement of intensive level, which is beneficial to the improvement of the efficiency of the utilization of agricultural land resources in China. However, in practice, China's land transfer trust is not mature and standardized, and there are many restrictive factors in the improvement of its operational efficiency. Countermeasures to create conditions for improving China's rural land transfer trust mode.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.49;F323.211

【参考文献】