A农商行小企业贷款风险管理研究

发布时间：2018-07-25 11:10

【摘要】：近年来国内商业银行和外资银行迅速以增设分行和网点的形式扩张，各家银行产品创新能力和服务水平都在迅速提高，银行间的竞争日趋激烈，传统业务如以存贷款利差赚取利润的模式已经无法满足商业银行的利润增长需求。在对公业务上，由于大中型企业的数量少、竞争压力大，商业银行很难在其信贷业务上有很大突破。小企业是我国国民经济持续发展和国家稳定的重要力量，且小企业占据整个市场经济的绝大部分，因此越来越多的商业银行将目光锁定发展前景看好的小企业，并将发展小企业金融服务业务作为银行转型的契机，，很多银行还设立了专门为小企业提供金融服务专营中心。但是小企业业务却并没有由此快速发展起来。究其原因，一方面是由于小企业自身条件天生的有限性，另一方面是因为银行在开展小企业信贷业务在政策和制度上局限性。但是小企业担保物不足、经营风险大等自身不足是小企业与生具有的，不可改变的，所以可以说限制小企业贷款业务发展的关键性问题是商业银行本身对小企业贷款风险管理模式的落后，在对小企业进行贷款准入、审批审查、贷后风险控制等各个环节没有采取真正合适的、科学有效的风险管理方法。很多银行仍采用大中型企业的信贷风险管理模式，在推进小企业贷款业务上表现的相对保守，以至于无法解决那些有融资需求的小企业融资难问题，也导致商业银行在拓展小企业贷款业务上进展缓慢。本文选择A农商行为研究案例的主要原因是在竞争日益激烈的金融环境下，大型商业银行在争夺大中型企业中占有绝对的优势，中小银行尤其是地方农商行受其规模和资金的限制，无法为大中型企业提供高质量的金融服务。但由于其地方优势和小银行优势，地方农商行能在低成本下为小企业提供快捷经济的金融服务。本文首先介绍了国内外对小企业贷款的一些理论知识，然后对小企业及小企业贷款风险特征进行分析，并通过理论分析小企业业务对中小银行的重要性以引申出A农商行在选择发展小企业的必要性。正文部分主要是为A农商行为例，在介绍其发展历史及转型背景的基础上，首先叙述其在小企业贷款中在贷前调查、贷中审查审批及贷后风险控制上所采取风险防控手段，然后详细指出其在小企业贷款风险管理上存在着全行风险控制环境上不足、小企业信用等级评级上、贷后风险管理的不足之处并给出了方案。
[Abstract]:In recent years, domestic commercial banks and foreign banks have expanded rapidly in the form of additional branches and branches. The product innovation ability and service level of each bank are improving rapidly, and the competition among banks is becoming increasingly fierce. Traditional business such as deposit and loan spreads to earn profits has been unable to meet the commercial banks' profit growth demand. Because of the small number of large and medium-sized enterprises and the great pressure of competition, it is difficult for commercial banks to make great breakthrough in their credit business. Small enterprises are an important force in the sustainable development of our national economy and national stability, and small enterprises occupy the vast majority of the market economy. Therefore, more and more commercial banks will focus on the small enterprises with promising development prospects. And the development of small business financial services business as the opportunity for banking transformation, many banks have also set up special financial services for small enterprises to provide exclusive centers. But small business has not developed rapidly. On the one hand, it is due to the inherent limitation of the small enterprises' own conditions, and on the other hand, the banks' policy and institutional limitations in carrying out the small enterprise credit business. However, the lack of collateral for small enterprises and their own shortcomings, such as the high risk of operation, are the things that small enterprises and students have, which cannot be changed. Therefore, it can be said that the key problem in restricting the development of small business loan business is that the commercial banks themselves lag behind in the risk management mode of loans for small enterprises. They are conducting loan access and examination and approval for small enterprises. After loan risk control and other links did not adopt a truly appropriate, scientific and effective risk management methods. Many banks are still using the credit risk management model of large and medium-sized enterprises, and they are so conservative in promoting the loan business of small enterprises that they cannot solve the financing problems of small enterprises with financing needs. It has also led to slow progress by commercial banks in expanding their small business lending business. In this paper, the main reason for choosing A agribusiness as a case study is that under the increasingly competitive financial environment, large commercial banks have absolute advantages in competing for large and medium-sized enterprises. Small and medium-sized banks, especially local agribusiness banks, are unable to provide high quality financial services to large and medium-sized enterprises due to their size and capital constraints. But because of their local advantages and the advantages of small banks, local agribusiness firms can provide fast and economical financial services to small businesses at low cost. This paper first introduces some theoretical knowledge of small business loans at home and abroad, and then analyzes the risk characteristics of small enterprises and small enterprises. Through the theoretical analysis of the importance of small business to small and medium-sized banks, the necessity of selecting and developing small enterprises is deduced. The main body part is mainly for A agricultural firm as an example, on the basis of introducing its development history and transformation background, it first describes the means of risk prevention and control adopted by it in the loan of small enterprises before the loan, examination and approval in the loan and risk control after the loan. Then it points out in detail that there are shortcomings in the risk control environment of the whole bank in the small enterprise loan risk management, and the shortcomings in the credit rating and post-loan risk management of the small enterprise and gives the scheme.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.4

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