陕西关中农户正规金融信贷配给程度及影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-09-03 09:43

【摘要】：我国经济发展初期农业生产为工业建设提供了大量的资金支持，但是随着经济水平的提高，城乡差距也越来越大，由此“三农”问题得到党中央和国务院的重视，也得到众多学者的关注和研究。有效促进农业增产、农民增收，促进农村经济的健康持续发展成为当前农村工作的重点，而农业的现代化、规模化和市场化改革则成为地方政府寻求传统农业转型的方向之一，农村金融市场对农村经济发展的资金支持问题则是许多学者关注的焦点所在，因为经济的发展必然需要大量资金的支持。此外，农村信用社、邮政储蓄等正规金融机构长期以来从农村地区吸收了大量的存款资金，而其对农户发放贷款的比例却很小，使得农村地区存在严重的正规金融信贷配给现象，这对农村经济的发展而言无疑是一个巨大的障碍。在此背景下，本文选择陕西关中农户正规金融信贷配给现象作为研究对象，希望能更为细致的了解地方信贷配给程度及其影响因素，进而提出更有针对性的政策建议，以期对缓解农户信贷配给程度起到一定的帮助，促进农村经济的良好发展。本文通过学习和借鉴国内外信贷配给的相关理论和实证研究，对研究所涉及的农户信贷配给的概念、正规金融信贷需求和配给的识别机制以及评价体系进行了具体的定义。鉴于双变量Probit模型比单变量Probit或是Logistic模型对信贷配给程度和影响因素的估计效率更高（朱喜和李子奈2006；胡新杰和赵波2013），本文在对关中地区大力推进农业规模化和产业化发展的杨凌、阎良和蒲城三个区县的五百余户农户调研所得数据进行了描述性分析之后，运用双变量Probit模型对农户的正规金融信贷配给程度和影响因素进行了估计检验，最后根据实证结果提出了相应的对策建议。本文研究得出的结论有：（1）关中地区农户对正规信贷有较高的需求，但是却很难得到正规金融机构的贷款，所遭受的正规金融信贷配给程度高达88.04%；（2）户主性别、家庭耕地面积、家庭劳动力负担率、家庭年支出等对农户正规金融信贷需求呈现正向显著影响；（3）户主文化程度、家庭成员组成、家庭年收入、是否参加“公司+农户”组织以及是否在正规金融机构有存款对农户正规金融信贷需求呈现负向显著影响；（4）户主文化程度、家庭成员组成、家庭年收入和是否在正规金融机构有存款对正规金融机构贷款的供给呈现正向显著影响；（5）家庭耕地面积和家庭劳动力负担率对正规金融机构贷款的供给呈现负向显著影响；（6）户主年龄、各类收入所占比例、生产性支出比例、是否参加农民合作组织、、小额信贷了解程度、贷款信息了解途径、村内金融网点数量、农户家庭距最近金融网点的距离等因素则对农户正规金融信贷需求或是正规金融机构贷款发放决策均没有显著影响。针对研究所得结论，本文从以下几个方面提出了一些可能的解决方案，希望能为政府决策和农村经济发展有所贡献：一是促进农村金融市场多元竞争格局的形成，缓解正规金融信贷配给程度；二是加强农户信用信息共享平台的建设，改善信息严重不对称现状；三是分散信贷违约风险压力，多途径冲抵农业贷款的高风险；四是提高农户文化教育程度，加大政府财政对农产品生产营销设施建设的投入。
[Abstract]:Agricultural production in the early stage of China's economic development has provided a large amount of financial support for industrial construction, but with the improvement of economic level, the gap between urban and rural areas has become wider and wider. Therefore, the issue of "agriculture, rural areas and farmers" has attracted the attention of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, and has also attracted the attention and research of many scholars. The healthy and sustainable development of economy has become the focus of the current rural work, while the modernization, scale and market-oriented reform of agriculture has become one of the directions for local governments to seek the transformation of traditional agriculture. The financial support of rural financial market for rural economic development is the focus of many scholars, because economic development is inevitable. In addition, the rural credit cooperatives, postal savings and other formal financial institutions have long absorbed a large amount of deposit funds from rural areas, but the proportion of loans granted to farmers is very small, making serious formal financial credit rationing in rural areas, which is undoubtedly a phenomenon for the development of rural economy. Under this background, this paper chooses the phenomenon of formal financial credit rationing of farmers in Guanzhong of Shaanxi Province as the research object, hoping to understand the degree of local credit rationing and its influencing factors more carefully, and then put forward more targeted policy recommendations, in order to alleviate the degree of credit rationing of farmers and promote agriculture. The good development of village economy.
This paper defines the concept of farmer credit rationing, the identification mechanism of formal financial credit demand and rationing, and the evaluation system by studying and referring to the relevant theories and empirical studies at home and abroad. Estimation of degree and influencing factors is more efficient (Zhu Xi and Li Zinai 2006; Hu Xinjie and Zhao Bo 2013). After descriptive analysis of 500 households in Yangling, Yanliang and Pucheng counties, which have vigorously promoted the development of agricultural scale and industrialization in Guanzhong region, the bivariate Probit model is used to analyze the data. The degree and influencing factors of farmers'regular financial credit rationing are estimated and tested, and the corresponding countermeasures and suggestions are put forward according to the empirical results.
The conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) Farmers in Guanzhong area have a higher demand for formal credit, but it is difficult to get loans from formal financial institutions, and the degree of formal financial credit rationing is as high as 88.04%; (2) Gender of household head, farmland area of household, burden rate of household labor, annual expenditure of household and so on. Demand has a positive and significant impact; (3) The educational level of household head, the composition of family members, the annual income of the family, whether to join the "company + farmer" organization and whether to deposit in the formal financial institutions have a negative and significant impact on the demand for formal financial credit of farmers; (4) The educational level of household head, the composition of family members, the annual income of the family and whether or not to participate in the "company + farmer" organization; (4) Whether the household head Deposits in formal financial institutions have a positive and significant impact on the supply of loans to formal financial institutions; (5) Family cultivated land area and household labor burden rate have a negative and significant impact on the supply of loans to formal financial institutions; (6) The age of head of household, the proportion of various income, the proportion of productive expenditure, whether to participate in farmers'cooperative organizations, small The degree of understanding of credit, the way of understanding loan information, the number of financial network points in the village and the distance between the households and the nearest financial network have no significant impact on the demand of formal financial credit or the decision-making of loans issued by formal financial institutions. Solutions are expected to contribute to government decision-making and rural economic development: first, to promote the formation of a pluralistic competition pattern in rural financial markets and alleviate the degree of formal financial credit rationing; second, to strengthen the construction of farmers'credit information sharing platform to improve the serious information asymmetry; third, to decentralize the pressure of credit default risk, and more. Fourthly, we should improve farmers'educational level and increase government financial investment in the construction of agricultural production and marketing facilities.
【学位授予单位】：西北农林科技大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F832.43

【参考文献】