基于关键链的X公司软件研发多项目进度管理研究

发布时间：2018-02-20 04:22

本文关键词： 软件研发多项目资源冲突关键链安全时间缓冲　出处：《中央民族大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：随着信息技术的飞速发展,软件行业迎来发展机遇的同时也遇到了前所未有的挑战。市场竞争日益激烈,技术革新速度越来越快,软件产品生命周期越来越短。为了满足客户多样性、个性化的需求,软件企业都会出现多个项目并行研发、多部门协作等情况。在使用传统项目进度管理方法的多项目管理中,越来越多的项目出现成本超支、项目延期。基于约束理论的关键链法去除了各工序的"安全时间",通过设置项目缓冲、汇入缓冲及资源缓冲来保证项目按计划完成。很多企业通过采用基于约束理论的关键链项目进度管理方法,缩短了项目工期,提高了项目绩效。本文基于传统项目进度管理方法对软件项目延期原因进行了分析,把关键链法和传统项目进度管理方法优缺点进行了对比,针对X公司软件研发多项目进度管理存在的问题,本文对关键链项目管理中的多项目优先级评定、项目工期评估方法、多项目缓冲估计以及缓冲监控方法进行了深入的研究,主要研究内容如下:首先,针对多项目并行研发中资源冲突问题,提出基于层次分析法的评定方法对多项目优先级进行评定。依次对每个项目绘制网络图,编制计划,确定冲突资源,资源冲突的工序要错开时间,根据项目优先级顺序合理分配资源,优先级高的项目优先获得资源。其次,针对基于传统进度管理方法评估工期过长的问题,提出基于德尔菲法的三点时间估算法评估工期。该评估方法不仅去除了项目中各工序隐含的安全时间,使工期评估的更为科学合理,也为缓冲估计的准确性奠定基础。此外,为了应对项目执行过程中不确定性因素对项目进度的影响,基于评估的工期采用德尔菲法、层次分析法及灰色关联分析法三者结合对缓冲大小进行估计。定性分析与定量数据结合、主客观分析法相互弥补,使得缓冲时间估计更为合理准确。尤其是设置了能力约束缓冲,避免了约束资源在多项目间切换时对多项目进度的影响。最后,本文从关键链工序、非关键链工序和能力约束资源三个角度出发,提出应重点关注关键链上任务完成百分比、关键链缓冲消耗百分比、项目缓冲消耗速度、非关键链工序上汇入缓冲和能力约束缓冲的消耗情况五个方面,根据实际情况采取相应的应对措施。通过关键链法在X公司软件研发多项目进度管理实际应用,认为关键链多项目进度管理方法更适合X公司,并对关键链法实施过程中存在的不足之处提出了改进方法和建议。本文基于X公司实际项目的关键链多项目进度管理研究,对其它软件企业提供了参考价值。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of information technology, the software industry is facing unprecedented challenges as well as opportunities for development. The market competition is becoming increasingly fierce, and the speed of technological innovation is getting faster and faster. Software product life cycle is getting shorter and shorter. In order to meet the needs of customers' diversity and individuation, software enterprises will have multiple projects parallel R & D, multi-departmental collaboration, etc. In the multi-project management using the traditional project schedule management method, More and more projects have cost overruns and project deferrals. The key chain method based on constraint theory removes the "safe time" of each process by setting up project buffers. Import buffers and resource buffers to ensure that projects are completed according to schedule. Many enterprises shorten the project duration by adopting a key chain project schedule management method based on constraint theory. Based on the traditional project schedule management method, the reason of software project delay is analyzed, and the advantages and disadvantages of the key chain method and the traditional project schedule management method are compared. In view of the problems existing in the multi-project schedule management of software development in X Company, this paper makes an in-depth study on the multi-project priority evaluation, project duration evaluation, multi-project buffer estimation and buffer monitoring method in key chain project management. The main research contents are as follows: first of all, aiming at the problem of resource conflict in multi-project parallel R & D, an evaluation method based on Analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is proposed to evaluate the priority of multi-project. In turn, the network diagram of each project is drawn up and the plan is drawn up. To determine the conflict resource, the process of resource conflict should be staggered, the resource should be allocated according to the priority order of the project, and the project with high priority should be given priority. Secondly, aiming at the problem that the time limit is too long based on the traditional schedule management method, A three-point time estimation method based on Delphi method is proposed to estimate the duration of the project. The method not only removes the hidden safety time of each process in the project, but also makes the evaluation more scientific and reasonable, and lays the foundation for the accuracy of buffer estimation. In order to deal with the impact of uncertain factors on the progress of the project, Delphi method is used to evaluate the duration of the project. AHP and grey relational analysis combined to estimate buffer size. Qualitative analysis combined with quantitative data, subjective and objective analysis make up for each other. The buffer time estimation is more reasonable and accurate. Especially, the capacity constraint buffer is set up to avoid the influence of constrained resource switching between multiple projects on the progress of multi-project. Finally, this paper starts with the key chain procedure. From the point of view of non-critical chain process and ability constraint resource, the paper puts forward that we should focus on the percentage of task completion, the percentage of buffer consumption of critical chain, and the speed of project buffer consumption. According to the actual situation, five aspects of the consumption of input buffer and capacity constraint buffer in non-critical chain process are adopted. The key chain method is applied in X company software development multi-project schedule management. It is considered that the key chain multi-project schedule management method is more suitable for X Company, and the improvement methods and suggestions are put forward for the key chain multi-project schedule management in the implementation of the key chain method. This paper is based on the research of the key chain multi-project schedule management in X Company. It provides reference value for other software enterprises.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F273;F49

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