高技术产业出口的生产率效应研究

发布时间：2018-03-16 18:23

  本文选题：出口贸易　切入点：行业生产率　出处：《南京大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：近三十年来,我国对外贸易保持高速增长,成为我国经济发展的重要驱动力之一。但从贸易产品的"质"上看,出口产品的附加值和技术含量仍然偏低,而高技术产业具有技术密集、高附加值等特点,发展高技术产业出口贸易将成为转变对外贸易方式的重要路径之一。二十年来,我国高技术产业出口贸易蓬勃发展,成为我国出口贸易扩张的重要增长点。新新贸易理论的提出让人们开始关注出口贸易和生产率的关系,出口贸易对生产率的影响成为对外贸易与经济增长研究框架下的重要子论题,但国内现有文献主要以制造业为研究对象,对某一产业的研究较少。本文以高技术产业为研究对象,从全国以及区域视角对高技术产业出口贸易带来的生产率效应进行研究,在对国际贸易理论相关论点回顾的基础上提出三个影响机制,采用Malmquist指数法对行业生产率进行测算,并以此为基础利用1998-2011年的行业面板数据进行实证分析,本文力图解决三个问题:(1)高技术产业出口贸易能否对行业生产率产生影响?(2)如何产生影响?(3)影响作用在区域间有何差异?本文的主要结论归纳为以下三点:(1)全国高技术产业出口贸易增长能够显著促进行业生产率增长,但促进作用较弱。(2)出口贸易主要通过出口学习效应和规模经济效应两种机制促进行业生产率增长。进一步,出口贸易通过促进产业集聚技术溢出带来外在规模经济效应促进行业生产率增长。(3)分区域来看,东部和中部高技术产业出口贸易均能够显著促进其行业生产率增长,但中部的促进作用较弱,远小于东部地区,而西部地区高技术产业出口贸易则对行业生产率没有显著影响。本文可能的创新之处在于,以高技术产业为研究对象,从全国和区域两个角度对高技术产业出口贸易如何影响生产率进行实证研究。在计量模型中引入交互项,深入分析出口贸易如何与其他因素一起对生产率产生影响,从侧面对影响机制进行探讨。此外,对计量模型进行拓展进一步考察出口贸易能否通过产业集聚和产业间技术溢出带来外在规模经济效应。实证方法上,本文在采用传统的固定效应模型和随机效应模型回归的基础上,用动态面板进一步对结果进行检验,排除了模型内生性对实证结果的影响。本文不足之处主要在于未能精确测度三个影响机制的作用大小,仅从侧面进行分析。此外,本文仅利用行业面板数据进行实证,未使用企业层面数据进一步研究。
[Abstract]:In the past three decades, China's foreign trade has maintained a high growth rate, which has become one of the important driving forces for China's economic development. However, from the point of view of the "quality" of trade products, the added value and technical content of export products are still on the low side. The high-tech industries have the characteristics of intensive technology and high added value. The development of export trade of high-tech industries will become one of the important ways to change the mode of foreign trade. In the past 20 years, the export trade of China's high-tech industries has flourished. It has become an important growth point of China's export trade expansion. The new and new trade theory has made people begin to pay attention to the relationship between export trade and productivity. The impact of export trade on productivity has become an important sub-topic in the framework of foreign trade and economic growth, but the existing domestic literature mainly focuses on the manufacturing industry. This paper takes high-tech industry as the research object, studies the productivity effect of high-tech industry export trade from the national and regional perspectives. On the basis of reviewing the relevant arguments of international trade theory, this paper puts forward three influencing mechanisms, and uses the Malmquist index method to measure the industry productivity, and makes an empirical analysis based on the industry panel data from 1998 to 2011. This paper tries to solve three questions: (1) can high-tech industry export trade have an impact on industry productivity? 2) how do they make an impact? What are the regional differences in the impact? The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: (1) the growth of national high-tech industry export trade can significantly promote the growth of industry productivity. But the promotion effect is weaker. (2) Export trade promotes industry productivity growth mainly through two mechanisms: export learning effect and scale economy effect. Export trade promotes industrial agglomeration technology spillover to bring external economies of scale effect to promote industry productivity growth. (3) Subregion, eastern and central high-tech industries export trade can significantly promote their industry productivity growth. However, the promotion function of the central region is weaker than that of the eastern region, while the export trade of the western high-tech industry has no significant effect on the industry productivity. The possible innovation of this paper is that the high-tech industry is taken as the research object. This paper makes an empirical study on how the export trade of high-tech industries affects productivity from the national and regional perspectives, and analyzes how export trade, together with other factors, has an impact on productivity by introducing an interactive term into the econometric model. In addition, the paper further explores whether export trade can bring external economies of scale effects through industrial agglomeration and inter-industry technology spillover. Based on the regression of the traditional fixed effect model and the random effect model, the dynamic panel is used to further test the results. Excluding the influence of endogenous model on empirical results. The main deficiency of this paper lies in the failure to accurately measure the impact of the three mechanisms, only from the side of the analysis. In addition, this paper only uses industry panel data for empirical research. No further research using enterprise level data.
【学位授予单位】：南京大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F752.62;F276.44
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本文编号：1621141