大学生创业环境对创业意愿的影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-19 10:50

【摘要】：由于高等教育的不断扩招、劳动力市场发展不完善等因素,高校毕业生就业难的问题引起了社会各界的广泛关注,在当前我国劳动力市场容量有限的情况下,以创业带动就业,鼓励劳动者通过创业来增加更多的劳动岗位,成为了解决就业难的一个新的途径。创业,为劳动者拓宽就业渠道,提高就业质量。如今在国家“大众创业,万众创新”的浪潮下,越来越多的人加入了创业的队伍,成为了一名创业者。其中大学生是这股创业队伍中非常重要的一支力量,不同于传统的零售服务型的相对低等级创业,大学生掌握更前沿的知识水平,拥有丰富的想象力和创新力,具有能够将创业变成更高级就业的能力素质,更易于将高新技术引入到商业链条中,实现科研成果的顺利转化,从而推动整个国家技术水平的不断创新与发展。但目前我国大学生创业的情况并不理想,有很大一部分大学生他们有强烈的创业意愿却不敢迈出创业的脚步。通过对已有文献资料的搜索和整理,发现这与我国整体的创业环境有很大的关系。因此,本文将以大学生创业意愿作为研究的基本点,结合GEM全球创业观察中所提出的创业环境模型以及国内学者针对我国大学生创业环境现状所验证的模型假设,提出本文探究当前我国大学生创业环境的七个维度,即金融支持、政府政策、政府项目、教育培训、科研转移、国内市场以及社会文化七维度,将创业意愿整体作为一个单维度变量,提出上述七个维度对创业意愿具有正相关的影响假设,并进一步使用五标度示意法,制作调查问卷,对大学生的个人信息、创业环境、创业意愿进行考察。再利用SPSS软件,对调查问卷的数据进行进一步的处理分析,得出当前我国大学生创业环境的七维度中,除社会文化外,其余七大维度均对大学生创业意愿具有显著的正向影响,并对其关系进行进一步的解释,特别分析了社会文化维度与以往相比出现变化的当代大学生的特殊性。最后,针对问卷当中所反映的问题,结合当前我国大学生创业环境的实际情况,针对七个维度提出完善金融支持、推进政府创业政策、优化政府创业项目、创新教育培训模式、加快科研成果转移、规范国内劳动市场、营造社会创业文化等具体的建议,并再次阐述了本文的结论,总结本文的研究特色与不足,提出未来的研究展望。
[Abstract]:Due to the increasing enrollment of higher education and the imperfect development of the labor market, the difficulty of obtaining employment for college graduates has aroused widespread concern from all walks of life. In the current situation of limited capacity of labor market in our country, employment is driven by entrepreneurship. Encouraging workers to create more jobs through entrepreneurship has become a new way to solve employment difficulties. Entrepreneurship, for workers to broaden employment channels, improve the quality of employment. Nowadays, more and more people join the entrepreneurial team and become an entrepreneur. Among them, college students are a very important force in this entrepreneurial team. Different from the traditional retail service type of relatively low-grade entrepreneurship, college students have a more advanced level of knowledge and have rich imagination and innovation. With the ability to turn entrepreneurship into more advanced employment, it is easier to introduce high and new technology into the commercial chain, to realize the smooth transformation of scientific research results, and to promote the continuous innovation and development of the whole country's technological level. However, at present, the situation of college students' entrepreneurship is not ideal, a large number of college students have strong entrepreneurial will but dare not take the steps of entrepreneurship. By searching and sorting out the existing literature, it is found that this has a great relationship with the overall environment of entrepreneurship in China. Therefore, this paper will take the entrepreneurial willingness of college students as the basic point of the study, combined with the entrepreneurial environment model proposed by GEM Global Entrepreneurship Watch and the model hypothesis verified by domestic scholars in view of the current situation of the entrepreneurial environment of college students in China. This paper explores seven dimensions of the current entrepreneurial environment for college students in China, namely, financial support, government policies, government projects, education and training, scientific research transfer, domestic market and social culture. Taking the whole entrepreneurial intention as a single dimension variable, the paper puts forward the hypothesis that the seven dimensions above have a positive correlation to entrepreneurial intention, and further uses the five-scale method to make a questionnaire to the college students' personal information and entrepreneurial environment. Entrepreneurial willingness to investigate. Then using SPSS software, the data of the questionnaire are further processed and analyzed, and it is concluded that the seven dimensions of the current entrepreneurial environment of college students in China, except social culture, have significant positive effects on the entrepreneurial willingness of college students. Furthermore, the author makes a further explanation of the relationship, especially analyzes the particularity of contemporary college students whose social and cultural dimensions have changed compared with the past. Finally, according to the problems reflected in the questionnaire, combined with the actual situation of the current entrepreneurial environment of college students in China, aiming at the seven dimensions of improving financial support, promoting government entrepreneurship policies, optimizing government entrepreneurship projects, innovative education and training model, This paper puts forward some concrete suggestions such as speeding up the transfer of scientific research achievements standardizing the domestic labor market and creating a social entrepreneurial culture. It also expounds the conclusions of this paper summarizes the characteristics and shortcomings of this research and puts forward the future research prospects.
【学位授予单位】：大连理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：F279.2

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