电信运营企业跨国经营目标国选择战略

发布时间：2018-06-02 22:21

本文选题：电信运营企业 + 跨国经营　；参考：《北京邮电大学》2012年博士论文

【摘要】：区位决策是企业对外直接投资过程中的首要问题,也是现阶段中国电信运营企业在“走出去”过程中面临的重要决策问题。目标国选择的好坏直接关系到企业跨国经营的成败。电信运营企业深受管制制度影响,各国在电信市场准入制度上的差异使企业能否进入目标国以及以何种地位进入均具有很大的不确定性,而全球移动通信市场逐步趋于饱和更使这种有限的市场进入机遇变得越来越具有竞争性,这使得传统的目标市场选择方法难以满足决策需要,成功的市场进入需要企业从战略视角审视目标国选择问题。本文基于竞争优势理论和FDI区位理论,从电信产业特性出发总结了电信运营企业跨国经营的现状和特点,在案例研究和大样本统计实证研究的基础上,挖掘电信运营企业跨国经营绩效的关键影响因素,并据此构建了目标国选择(TCS)决策模型,以中国移动为例进行了应用研究,为企业跨国经营目标国选择提供战略建议。本文的创新点主要有以下三个方面： 1、对全球20家跨国电信运营企业在152个国家的竞争地位数据进行了统计,探讨了企业跨国经营理论对电信运营企业的适用性。研究发现,电信运营企业跨国经营并不总是从周边国家开始,其区位分布是随各国电信私有化和自由化改革进程的时间顺序进行。经济发展落后、国家风险高的新兴国家正成为投资热点,这与传统目标市场选择方法的结论相悖。现有的文献没有论证殖民地、语言等因素对企业跨国经营区位分布的影响程度,本文运用统计结果区分了各因素在不同区域对不同企业的影响。历史上的殖民地因素在拉丁美洲影响显著,语言和宗教因素在阿拉伯国家影响显著,区域经济一体化因素在欧洲影响显著,在非洲和亚太国家各因素均有影响,但影响程度在逐步弱化,在亚太国家尚没有形成具有区域主导地位的运营商。研究建议企业在跨国经营初期阶段应避免选择这些因素影响显著的区域。 2、选取了20家跨国电信运营企业从1995年至2009年的162次市场进入行为数据,运用多元回归分析等方法论证了企业进入目标国时的排名是电信运营企业跨国经营绩效的关键影响因素。本文将电信运营企业跨国经营绩效的影响因素分为目标国环境因素和企业市场进入行为两类,提出了各影响因素与绩效之间关系的7项研究假设,设置了相应的10个变量。研究结果表明,3项研究假设得到验证,其中企业进入目标国时的排名与企业跨国经营运营绩效呈显著正相关关系,目标国竞争者数量和进入时移动用户普及率与企业跨国经营绩效呈微弱负相关关系。而与原假设结论相反的是,目标国国家竞争力水平对企业跨国经营财务绩效产生一定负向影响。因此,建议企业选择能取得较高市场进入排名的目标国,选择移动用户普及率低、竞争者数量相对较少的国家并正视目标国国家竞争力水平低可能带来的风险,这一结论为TCS决策模型的指标设置提供了论据。 3、构建了TCS决策模型,并以中国移动为例对模型进行了应用研究,提供了具体到国家层次的目标国评价结果。本文按跨国经营的不同动因将模型分成寻求市场和追随客户两大类,决策按动因分析、目标国筛选、目标国评估、战略制定四个程序依次进行。现有的电信运营企业目标市场选择文献多是基于区域的选择结果和建议,方法上未考虑市场进入地位不确定情况下各影响因素的不同表现,本文在TCS模型构建过程中综合了前人的研究成果和研究假设的论证结果,在筛选机制中设置定量指标,在评估机制中采用定性定量指标相结合的方法,拓宽了评估范围。在两类决策过程中,分别对191个国家和30个国家样本进行筛选和评估,得到了五组战略方案组合,结果表明,与新加坡电信进行少数股权合作、收购MTN部分股权进入非洲市场、等待埃塞俄比亚和缅甸市场开放机遇在五组方案中相对较优。
[Abstract]:Location decision is the primary problem in the process of enterprise foreign direct investment. It is also an important decision problem facing China Telecom operating enterprises in the process of "going out" at the present stage. The choice of the target country is directly related to the success or failure of the transnational operation of the enterprise. The Telecom operation enterprise is deeply influenced by the management system, and the countries are in the access system of the telecom market. The difference in degree makes it possible for enterprises to enter the target country and to what position they are entering, and the global mobile communication market is becoming more and more saturated. This makes the opportunity of the limited market becoming more and more competitive. This makes the traditional choice method of the target market difficult to meet the needs of decision-making and the successful market. In this paper, based on the competitive advantage theory and FDI location theory, this paper summarizes the current situation and characteristics of the transnational operation of telecom operators based on the competitive advantage theory and the location theory of telecom industry. On the basis of case study and large sample statistical empirical research, it excavate the transnational operation performance of telecom operators. On the basis of this, the decision model of the target country selection (TCS) was constructed, and the application of China Mobile was used as an example to provide strategic suggestions for the selection of multinational management target countries.
The innovative points of this paper are mainly the following three aspects:
1, statistics on the competitive position data of 20 transnational telecom operators in 152 countries are carried out, and the applicability of the theory of enterprise transnational operation to telecom operators is discussed. The research finds that the transnational operation of the telecom operators does not always start from the surrounding countries, and its location distribution is followed by the reform of the privatization and liberalization of telecommunications in various countries. The economic development is backward, the economic development is backward, the country with high risk is becoming the hot spot of investment, which is contrary to the conclusion of the traditional target market selection method. The existing literature does not demonstrate the influence of colonies and language factors on the location distribution of enterprises' transnational operation. The influence of the same region on different enterprises. The colonial factors in the history have significant influence on Latin America. The factors of language and religion have significant influence on Arabia countries. The factors of regional economic integration are significant in Europe and are affected by various factors in Africa and Asia Pacific countries, but the degree of influence is gradually weakening and has not yet been formed in the Asia Pacific countries. Operators with regional dominance suggest that enterprises should avoid choosing those areas with significant impact in the initial stage of transnational operation.
2, it selects 20 transnational telecom operators from 1995 to 2009 to enter the 162 market behavior data, and uses multiple regression analysis to demonstrate that the ranking of enterprises entering the target country is the key influencing factor of the transnational operation performance of the telecom operators. This paper divides the influence factors of the transnational operation performance of the telecom operators into the eye. There are two types of environmental factors and market entry behavior in the standard country, and 7 research hypotheses of the relationship between the influence factors and the performance are put forward, and the corresponding 10 variables are set up. The results show that the 3 research hypotheses are verified, and the ranking of the enterprises when they enter the target country has a significant positive correlation with the business performance of the enterprises across the country. There is a weak negative correlation between the number of competitors and the penetration rate of mobile users and the performance of transnational business. Contrary to the original hypothesis, the level of national competitiveness of the target country has a negative impact on the financial performance of the enterprise transnational operation. Therefore, it is suggested that the enterprises choose to choose the target countries which can be ranked higher in the market. This conclusion provides an argument for the setting of the TCS decision model.
3, the TCS decision model is constructed, and the model is studied with China Mobile as an example. The results are provided to the country level target country. This paper divides the model into two categories: seeking market and following customers according to the different motivation of transnational operation, decision making analysis, target country screening, target country evaluation, and strategy making four. The procedure is carried out in turn. Most of the existing telecom operators' target market selection literature is based on the regional selection results and suggestions. The method does not consider the different performance of the influence factors under the uncertainty of market entry status. In the process of building the TCS model, the results of previous research results and research hypotheses are integrated. In the selection mechanism, the quantitative index is set up and the method of combining qualitative and quantitative indexes in the evaluation mechanism is used to broaden the scope of evaluation. In the two decision-making process, 191 countries and 30 countries are screened and evaluated respectively, and five groups of strategic plan combinations are obtained. The result shows that the minority equity cooperation with Singapore Telecom and the acquisition of M TN part of the equity entered the African market, waiting for Ethiopia and Burma market opening opportunities in the five group of programs are relatively better.
【学位授予单位】：北京邮电大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：F626

【参考文献】