经济集聚、选择效应与企业生产率

发布时间：2018-01-03 08:15

本文关键词：经济集聚、选择效应与企业生产率　出处：《管理世界》2015年04期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：本文基于异质性企业定位选择模型与标准集聚模型相结合的嵌套模型,采用1999~2007年中国288个地级市工业企业层面的数据,实证检验经济集聚对于企业生产率及异质性企业空间选择行为的影响。研究表明:(1)从1999~2007年全国总体样本的检验结果来看,经济集聚对于多数制造业行业企业生产率产生负向影响,即主要表现为拥挤效应而不是集聚效应;不同规模的城市对于不同生产率企业的空间选择行为产生显著影响,低效率企业倾向选择中小城市回避市场竞争,即表现出显著的选择效应。(2)1999~2002年及2003~2007年分时段全国样本检验结果及比较显示,在两个不同时间段,经济集聚对于制造业企业生产率的影响发生显著变化,1999~2002年期间主要表现为显著的集聚效应,2003~2007年期间主要表现出显著的拥挤效应。2003年以来,地区之间的"竞次式"补贴性竞争加剧,这削弱了区域内产业、企业的内在联系与协同发展,经济聚集过程中集聚效应显著减弱。此外,两个时段内经济集聚对于企业空间定位的影响均表现出显著的选择效应。(3)从发达地区(东部地区)、欠发达地区(中西部地区)的检验结果来看,东部地区城市经济过度集聚,对于企业生产率的影响主要表现为拥挤效应;西部地区城市的经济集聚水平相对较低,经济集聚对于企业生产率的影响主要表现为集聚效应。无论东部地区内部还是中西部地区内部,对于多数制造业行业而言,选择效应均不显著。因而,全国层面呈现出的显著选择效应,主要源于低效率企业更倾向于选择中西部中小城市以逃避东部地区激烈的市场竞争。
[Abstract]:Based on the nested model of heterogeneous enterprise location selection model and standard agglomeration model, this paper adopts the data of 288 prefectural cities in China from 1999 to 2007. Empirical study on the impact of economic agglomeration on enterprise productivity and heterogeneous enterprise spatial selection behavior. The study shows that: 1) from 1999 to 2007 the overall sample of the test results. The economic agglomeration has a negative effect on the productivity of most manufacturing enterprises, that is, the crowding effect rather than the agglomeration effect; Cities of different sizes have a significant impact on the spatial selection behavior of enterprises with different productivity, and inefficient enterprises tend to choose small and medium-sized cities to avoid market competition. That is to say, it shows significant selective effect. The results of national sample test and comparison between 1999 ~ 2002 and 2003 ~ 2007 show that there are two different periods of time. The impact of economic agglomeration on the productivity of manufacturing enterprises has changed significantly. During the period from 1999 to 2002, the economic agglomeration mainly showed significant agglomeration effect. From 2003 to 2007, there was a significant crowding effect. Since 2003, the competition between regions has intensified, which has weakened the industry in the region. The internal relationship and cooperative development of enterprises weaken the agglomeration effect in the process of economic agglomeration. The influence of economic agglomeration on the spatial positioning of enterprises shows significant selective effect in the two periods.) from the test results of the developed regions (eastern region, underdeveloped region (central and western region)). The overagglomeration of urban economy in eastern China mainly affects the productivity of enterprises as a result of crowding effect. The level of economic agglomeration in western cities is relatively low, and the effect of economic agglomeration on enterprise productivity is mainly manifested as agglomeration effect, both in the eastern region and in the central and western regions. For most manufacturing industries, the selection effect is not significant. Therefore, the national level presents a significant selection effect. The main reason is that inefficient enterprises prefer to choose middle and small cities in the central and western regions to avoid the fierce market competition in the eastern region.
【作者单位】：中国社会科学院数量经济与技术经济研究所;南京大学经济学院;中国社会科学院工业经济研究所;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(71373283;71303108) 博士后科学基金面上资助项目(2013M530090);博士后科学基金特别资助项目(2014T70167)的资助
【分类号】：F124;F279.2
【正文快照】： 一、引言地区(或城市)生产率差异及其产生的机理一直是空间经济学(或城市经济学)研究的核心问题。对于地区生产率差异形成的微观机制,学术界存在两种不同的理论阐述,且这两种理论阐述各有其解释力。一种是基于集聚效应的解释,即认为经济集聚的过程中,集聚区通过企业间的分工与

【参考文献】