最低生活保障支出对缩小居民收入差距效果的实证研究

发布时间：2018-01-07 14:10

本文关键词：最低生活保障支出对缩小居民收入差距效果的实证研究　出处：《人口学刊》2014年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：消除居民收入差距是政府和社会各界共同的愿望,最低生活保障制度作为政府财政向贫困人群的直接转移支出,是最重要的收入再分配政策之一。本文基于2007~2011年全国省级面板数据,在验证我国经济发展存在"库兹涅茨曲线"特征的基础上,运用FE面板数据计量经济学方法,对最低生活保障支出对缩小城市、农村以及城乡之间居民收入差距的影响效应进行实证分析。结果表明,城市最低保障支出显著扩大了城乡居民收入差距,并使城市基尼系数有增加的趋势,而农村低保支出则显著降低了城乡居民收入差距。在控制变量中,城镇基本养老保险覆盖面扩大,有助于降低城乡居民收入差距,而城市化既会降低城乡居民收入差距,也会加大城市基尼系数。总体上,我国经济发展正处于基尼系数上升阶段,短期内随着经济不断发展,收入差距呈现出必然的上升趋势,而最低生活保障制度对缩小居民收入差距的作用非常有限,未来加强其他收入分配政策的调整与改革,任务还很艰巨。
[Abstract]:It is the common wish of the government and all walks of life to eliminate the income gap of the residents. The minimum living security system is the direct transfer of expenditure from the government finance to the poor. It is one of the most important income redistribution policies. Based on the provincial panel data from 2007 to 2011, this paper verifies the existence of Kuznets Curve in China's economic development. Using FE panel data econometrics method, this paper makes an empirical analysis on the effect of minimum living security expenditure on narrowing the income gap between urban, rural and urban-rural residents. The urban minimum security expenditure significantly expands the income gap between urban and rural residents, and makes the city Gini coefficient increase, while the rural minimum security expenditure significantly reduces the income gap between urban and rural residents. Urban basic old-age insurance coverage is expanded to help reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents, while urbanization will not only reduce the income gap between urban and rural residents, but also increase the urban Gini coefficient. The economic development of our country is in the rising stage of Gini coefficient. In the short term, with the continuous development of the economy, the income gap is showing an inevitable upward trend. However, the minimum living security system plays a very limited role in narrowing the income gap of residents. In the future, it is still a difficult task to strengthen the adjustment and reform of other income distribution policies.
【作者单位】：上海财经大学公共经济与管理学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金面上项目:基于公平分配与就业促进的社会保障制度待遇标准、待遇梯度及其调整机制研究(71373152) 上海财经大学博士研究生科研创新基金资助项目:养老保障制度模式和提高法定退休年龄的关系研究(CXJJ-2011-313)
【分类号】：F124.7;F812.45
【正文快照】： 一、引言改革开放之后,伴随着我国经济的快速发展,城乡居民收入差距也逐渐拉大,而由于城乡居民收入差距的拉大,引发社会不公,继而成为严重威胁社会稳定的主要因素。因此,消除收入分配差距成为当前我国政府及社会民众的共同愿望。基尼系数是应用最为广泛的衡量收入差距的指标,

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