试论收入分配公平中政府的责任

发布时间：2018-01-07 19:04

本文关键词：试论收入分配公平中政府的责任　出处：《重庆大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放30多年，尤其是在建立社会主义市场经济以来，我国经济、社会各方面取得了巨大的成就，发生了翻天覆地的变化，人民的生活水平得到不断地提高。然而，与此同时各种不公也随之显现，尤其是收入分配不公。一直以来，收入分配问题都是专家学者、公众普遍关注的问题。如果这一问题没有得到很好地解决，广大人民不能公平地享受经济发展带来的成果，不但会影响我国经济的发展，甚至还会危及社会的稳定。因此，政府作为公共权力的掌控者，努力实现收入分配公平，缩小收入差距，对于构建社会主义和谐社会具有重要的意义。本文采用文献分析法、理论分析法，在了解和掌握已有研究成果的基础上分析了政府在收入分配过程中的责任问题。文章大致分为五个章节对该问题进行阐述。第一章绪论，主要介绍了研究背景、国内外研究现状等。通过对研究背景、意义以及国内外研究现状的分析、总结，进一步明确政府在收入分配过程中承担怎样的责任，如何承担责任以及关于该问题目前的研究现状、研究方向。第二章阐述了相关概念的涵义以及政府责任的内容。通过不同的领域、不同的学者对责任、政府、政府责任以及分配公平等概念解释，清晰地界定相关概念的定义，，为下一步论述奠定基础。另外，从法律、政治、行政、道德四个方面界定政府责任的内容。第三章论述了政府承担实现收入分配公平的理论依据及必要性。首先，其理论依据主要有社会契约论、人民主权论以及权责一致理论；其次，由于市场存在失灵现象，第三部门发展滞后等现实状况，政府需承担起实现收入分配的责任。第四章详细分析了我国收入分配差距不断扩大的主要表现以及原因。主要表现有：高低收入群体分配差距、城乡收入差距、行业收入差距以及地区收入差距；主要原因包括：市场经济体制不完善、国家政策倾斜、二元经济结构、行政垄断、再分配调解不力以及行政人员意识淡薄和腐败等方面。第五章在第四章的基础上，提出我国政府在实现收入分配公平过程中的责任以及路径选择。政府作为社会公众的代表，首先要是一个责任政府，要肩负起国家和人民的责任，积极回应民众的需求；其次要保持制度正义，制度是最大的公共产品，一个公平正义的制度才能保证人们公平的享受应有的权利，激发人的积极性和创造性；最后要加强法治建设。针对实现收入分配过程中的路径选择，具体有：在初次分配领域，政府要为市场营造一个良好的竞争氛围、限制并取消垄断收入、破除城乡二元结构；在再次分配领域，不断地完善税收制度、健全社会保障体系、维护教育和就业等权利的公平；第三次分配领域，政府需为慈善事业创造一个良好的发展空间，让其真正起到在实现公平分配中的补充作用。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening - up for more than 30 years , especially since the establishment of the socialist market economy , the economic and social aspects of our country have made great achievements , and the people ' s standard of living has been improved continuously . However , the problem of income distribution has been a problem that experts and scholars have generally concerned . Based on the literature analysis and the theoretical analysis method , this paper analyzes the problem of the government ' s responsibility in the process of income distribution . The article is divided into five chapters to elaborate the problem . The first chapter introduces the research background , the research situation at home and abroad , etc . Through the analysis and summary of the research background , significance and the research situation at home and abroad , it is further clarified how the government bears the responsibilities in the process of income distribution , how to assume responsibility and the current research status and research direction of the problem . The second chapter expounds the meaning of the relevant concept and the content of government responsibility . Through different fields , different scholars explain the concept of responsibility , government , government responsibility and distribution fairness , clearly define the definition of the relevant concept and establish the foundation for the next step , and also define the content of government responsibility from the four aspects of law , politics , administration and morality . The third chapter discusses the theory and necessity of the government ' s assumption of the fairness of income distribution . First , its theoretical basis includes social contract theory , people ' s sovereignty theory and responsibility agreement theory . Secondly , because of the market failure and the development lag of the third sector , the government needs to bear the responsibility for realizing income distribution . The fourth chapter analyzes the main manifestations and causes of the widening income distribution gap in China . The main reasons are : the distribution gap of high and low income groups , the gap between urban and rural income , the gap between the industry income and the regional income gap ; the main reasons include the imperfect market economic system , the inclination of the national policy , the duality economic structure , the administrative monopoly , the weak allocation of mediation and the light and corruption of the administrative personnel . Chapter 5 , on the basis of chapter 4 , puts forward the responsibility of the government in realizing the fair process of income distribution and the choice of the path . The government , as the representative of the public , first , should shoulder the responsibility of the state and the people and respond positively to the demand of the public ; secondly , to maintain the system justice , the system is the largest public product , and a fair and justice system can guarantee the fair enjoyment of the rights of the people ; secondly , to perfect the tax system , perfect the social security system , safeguard education and employment ; and in the third allocation field , the government needs to create a good development space for the charity , and make it play a complementary role in the realization of equitable distribution .

【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7

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