我国消费金融与经济增长

发布时间：2018-03-05 09:39

本文选题：消费金融　切入点：内需　出处：《东北师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：消费金融是指一些机构专门向家庭或者个人提供贷款，以满足其超前消费需要的现代金融服务方式。我国消费金融真正起步是从20世纪90年代才开始的，经过了二十年的发展，用于个人和家庭消费目的的贷款规模迅速扩张，贷款用途也日益广泛，消费金融已成为我国金融市场不可或缺的重要组成部分。消费金融在我国的发展能一定程度上满足我国居民不断增长的对物质文化的消费需求，有利于扩大内需，减少我国GDP对投资和出口的过度依赖，促进经济健康增长。但是我国也存在着阻碍消费金融发展的很多不利因素，如居民对借贷消费的观念接受度不高，我国的人均收入低，人民的消费层次不高，使我国居民没有能力和信心进行借贷消费。最后我国消费金融还面临着种种障碍，包括信用体系不健全、消费金融服务机构少的问题。本文主要从以下几个方面介绍分析我国的消费金融及其对经济增长的促进作用。第一部分是阐述消费金融的概念，消费金融在我国的产生和发展，及我国目前提供消费金融服务的主要机构。最后还从消费金融有利于提高人们的效用水平和促进我国经济发展两个大的方面介绍了发展消费金融的好处。第二部分首先分析了我国消费金融所提供的消费信贷的特点，包括以中长期贷款为主，主要用于房贷及车贷等。其次阐述了我国消费金融存在的问题，包括提供消费信贷服务的机构与发达国家相比较少，消费信贷额度较低，我国居民的借贷消费观念不强，同时存在着居民收入较低，导致不敢借贷消费等障碍。第三部分采用计量分析方法，对我国消费金融对经济的作用进行实证研究。通过历年的消费与投资及GDP的数据，用最小二乘法，得出消费对GDP的促进作用大于投资对GDP的带动作用。而消费金融提供的消费信贷能显著地促进我国居民的消费需求，有利于提高居民的最终消费。通过研究2011年各地居民的最终消费与各地GDP的关系可以知道，居民的最终消费对各地GDP的影响是显著的。最后，，分析金融机构消费信贷余额与我国每季度GDP之间的关系，最终得到消费信贷对GDP的增长起到极大的促进作用的结论。第四部分，对促进我国消费金融的发展方面提出建议，以保证我国消费金融健康发展。首先，进一步完善消费金融机构的调查评估体系；其次，积极宣传消费金融，转变居民消费观念；再次，监管机构加强监管，增加消费金融服务机构种类和数量，立法机构进一步完善立法，相关政府部门积极成立类似于西方国家的消费信贷报告机构；最后，继续提高居民收入，加强福利建设，确保我国居民有能力有信心进行借贷消费。
[Abstract]:Consumer finance refers to a modern financial service mode in which some institutions provide loans to families or individuals to meet their needs for advanced consumption. The real start of consumer finance in China only began in 1990s, and after 20 years of development, Loans for personal and household consumption purposes have expanded rapidly in scale and have been used more widely, Consumer finance has become an indispensable and important part of our financial market. The development of consumer finance in our country can to a certain extent meet the increasing demand for material and cultural consumption of our residents, which is conducive to the expansion of domestic demand. To reduce the excessive dependence of GDP on investment and export and to promote the healthy growth of economy, however, there are many unfavorable factors that hinder the development of consumer finance in China, such as the low acceptance of the concept of borrowing and consumption and the low per capita income of our country. The people's consumption level is not high, which makes the residents of our country unable to borrow and consume. Finally, China's consumer finance still faces all kinds of obstacles, including the problem of imperfect credit system and few consumer financial service institutions. This paper mainly introduces and analyzes the consumer finance and its promoting effect on economic growth from the following aspects. The first part is to explain the concept of consumer finance, the emergence and development of consumer finance in China, Finally, the paper introduces the benefits of consumer finance from two aspects: improving the utility level of people and promoting the economic development of our country. The second part first analyzes the characteristics of consumer credit provided by consumer finance in China, including medium and long term loans, mainly used for housing loans and car loans, etc. Secondly, it expounds the existing problems of consumer finance in China. There are fewer institutions providing consumer credit services compared with developed countries, lower consumer credit lines, weak concept of borrowing and consumption of Chinese residents, and at the same time, there are some obstacles such as lower income of residents, which causes them not to borrow and consume. The third part uses the econometric analysis method, carries on the empirical research to our country consumer finance to the economic function. Through the past years' consumption and investment and the GDP data, uses the least square method, It is concluded that consumption is more important to GDP than investment to GDP, and consumer credit provided by consumer finance can significantly promote the consumption demand of Chinese residents. By studying the relationship between the final consumption of local residents and the local GDP in 2011, we can know that the final consumption of residents has a significant impact on the local GDP. Finally, Based on the analysis of the relationship between the balance of consumer credit of financial institutions and the quarterly GDP of China, the conclusion is drawn that consumer credit plays a great role in promoting the growth of GDP. In the 4th part, suggestions are put forward to promote the development of consumer finance in China in order to ensure the healthy development of consumer finance in China. First, we should further improve the investigation and evaluation system of consumer financial institutions; secondly, actively publicize consumer finance. Thirdly, regulators should strengthen supervision, increase the types and number of consumer financial service institutions, further improve legislation, and establish consumer credit reporting agencies similar to western countries. Finally, continue to raise residents' income, strengthen welfare construction, and ensure that Chinese residents have the confidence to borrow and spend.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832;F124

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