基于生态足迹模型的中部地区可持续发展评价分析

发布时间：2018-03-10 08:09

本文选题：生态足迹　切入点：生态承载力　出处：《合肥工业大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，中部地区经济增长迅速、社会进步明显，但这些成绩的取得以环境持续恶化、资源过度消耗为代价，如不加以控制，生态系统有濒临崩溃的威胁。针对这一问题，我们必须重新审视人与自然之间的关系，寻求生态环境与社会经济的协调进步。所以，实现可持续发展，对中部地区来说是大势所趋。评价可持续发展能力的指标很多，其中生态足迹方法由于操作简便、适用性强而越来越受到国际上的广泛认可。本文将修正的均衡因子加入生态足迹模型计算了中部地区六省（即安徽、江西、湖南、湖北、山西、河南）2001~2011年的生态足迹和生态承载力，分析了中部地区近11年来生态环境的动态变化情况，并对未来五年的发展趋势进行预测，以定量研究中部地区生态环境可持续发展现状。在此基础上选择生态压力指数、万元GDP生态足迹、生态足迹协调度和生态经济弹性系数等评价指标进一步对中部地区生态经济可持续发展能力进行分析。结果表明，2001~2011年中部地区整体上呈现人均生态足迹逐年增加、人均生态承载力平稳下降的变化趋势。生态供给与需求的矛盾导致了中部地区生态赤字不断增长，其中山西省最大，接下来依次是湖北、河南、安徽、湖南和江西。从资源利用率的角度来看，万元GDP生态足迹与生态经济弹性系数的计算结果表明中部六省由于经济的发展，资源利用效率有了不同程度的改善。但考虑其他生态因素，无论是生态压力指数还是生态足迹协调度，中部地区的计算结果均不容乐观，生态环境面临巨大压力。这说明中部地区粗放的经济发展方式是依靠“环境透支”来换取经济的高速增长，生态环境已经不堪重负。如不能切实加以控制，中部地区生态贫困将会越来越严重，最终可能会失去经济发展的生态基础。最后，本文基于转变经济发展方式以实现经济、环境、社会的可持续发展角度，，从降低生态足迹和提高生态承载力两个方面提出了改进措施和配套建议，并讨论了文章在研究过程中的创新和不足之处，对相关研究的发展方向做出了规划。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the central region has witnessed rapid economic growth and remarkable social progress, but these achievements have been achieved at the expense of the environment and excessive consumption of resources, if not controlled. There is a threat of ecosystem collapse. In response to this problem, we must re-examine the relationship between man and nature and seek coordinated progress between the ecological environment and social economy. There are many indexes to evaluate the ability of sustainable development, among which the ecological footprint method is more and more widely accepted by the world because of its simple operation and strong applicability. In this paper, the ecological footprint and ecological carrying capacity of six provinces (Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, Henan Province) in central China (Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan, Hubei, Shanxi, Henan) from 2001 to 2011 are calculated by adding the modified equilibrium factor to the ecological footprint model. This paper analyzes the dynamic changes of ecological environment in central China in the past 11 years, and forecasts the development trend in the next five years in order to quantitatively study the present situation of sustainable development of ecological environment in the central region. On the basis of this, the ecological pressure index is selected. Ten thousand yuan GDP ecological footprint, The ecological footprint coordination degree and eco-economic elasticity coefficient were further analyzed for the sustainable development of ecological economy in the central region. The results showed that the ecological footprint per capita increased year by year in the central region from 2001 to 2011. The contradiction between ecological supply and demand has led to a growing ecological deficit in the central region, with Shanxi Province being the largest, followed by Hubei, Henan, and Anhui. Hunan and Jiangxi. From the point of view of resource utilization, the calculation results of ecological footprint and eco-economic elasticity coefficient of ten thousand yuan GDP show that the six central provinces are due to economic development. The efficiency of resource utilization has been improved to some extent, but considering other ecological factors, whether the ecological pressure index or the coordination degree of ecological footprint, the calculation results of the central region are not optimistic. The ecological environment is under great pressure. This shows that the extensive economic development in the central region is based on "environmental overdraft" in exchange for rapid economic growth, and the ecological environment is already overwhelmed. If it cannot be effectively controlled, The ecological poverty will become more and more serious in the central region, and the ecological foundation of economic development may be lost in the end. Finally, based on changing the mode of economic development to realize the sustainable development of economy, environment and society, this paper puts forward some improvement measures and supporting suggestions from the aspects of reducing ecological footprint and increasing ecological carrying capacity. The paper also discusses the innovation and deficiency in the research process, and makes a plan for the development direction of the related research.
【学位授予单位】：合肥工业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F205;F127

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