全球治理视角下的制度变迁：金融危机与二十国集团

发布时间：2018-03-18 02:00

本文选题：G2O　切入点：金融危机　出处：《复旦大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从权力、制度、文化(或观念)三种视角出发,我们可以看出制度变迁的原因有：不均衡的发展导致当前权力格局无法反映各国间的利益诉求；制度失灵导致的制度变迁(变革、消亡、替代、新建)；观念的变化、文化的转型影响下的制度变迁。本文的基本理论假设是,权力转移导致的权力结构变化是促使全球治理制度变迁的主要动因,而因外部环境变量发生巨大变化而出现的制度失灵是制度变迁的主要诱因。此外,美国在全球治理制度形成和变迁的过程中起着极其重要的作用。全球金融危机与传统治理制度的失灵让发达国家不得不重新审视西方主导的全球经济治理制度。一方面,合法性不足逐渐招致发展中国家的诟病；另一方面,治理能力与治理需求之间的巨大差距迫使西方发达国家不得不转向实用主义,与新兴市场国家谋求合作。随着新兴经济体的崛起和其全球经济影响力的不断扩大,发展中国家呼吁制度改革的声音越来越大。不过,在推动G20成为全球经济治理的主要平台上,G7与新兴经济体展现了不同的战略。制度变迁造成了G20与G7在权力结构、规则结构和价值结构上的差异,而G20所具有的三大比较优势(合法性与有效性的兼顾、权力结构与制度结构相适应、较低的制度建设成本)是G20在治理效果上优于G7的主要原因。在危机治理中G20到底发挥了什么样的作用以及如何衡量和评价它的治理效果,这是本文要考察的关键问题。对制度治理效果的评估应该基于其治理目标,因此本文从G20的五个主要治理目标入手客观地展现金融危机以来G20的治理效果。需要指出的是,G20在其未来发展中将面临着自身不足和外部挑战等困境。首先,G20将面临着与G7进行制度竞争的局面。虽然在经济领域二者的合作关系将不断加强,但是一旦G20的议题外溢到政治、安全等领域,二者关系可能因竞争而出现紧张。其次,由于与功能性国际组织之间缺乏直接有效的互动机制,G20与功能性国际组织都将陷入治理碎片化的境地,二者的治理效果都将大打折扣。此外,美国的特殊作用也决定了G20的发展前景。对传统治理制度的路径依赖将强化美国的霸权惰性,而美国改革现有全球治理制度的热情和意愿也将随着世界经济形势的好转而下降。如果丧失美国的领导和推动,G20的完善和发展将失去方向和动力。如何有效解决上述不足、合理应对上述挑战是G20未来发展的关键。
[Abstract]:From the power system, culture (or idea) of the three perspectives, we can see that the cause of institutional change: uneven development leads to the current power structure can not reflect the interests between countries; institutional failure result (change, die, replacement, new construction); the change of the idea, institutional change under the influence of culture. The basic hypothesis of this paper is that the power structure changes caused by the transfer of power is the main motivation of the global governance system changes, because the external environment variables change and the emergence of system failure is the main cause of institutional change. In addition, plays a very important role during the formation of the United States and changes in the system of global governance.
The failure of the global financial crisis and the traditional system of governance for developed countries to re-examine the Western dominated global economic governance system. On the one hand, the lack of legitimacy of the developing countries gradually lead to criticism; on the other hand, a huge gap between the governance capacity and governance demand forced the western developed countries have turned to pragmatism, seeking cooperation with emerging market countries with. The rise of emerging economies and the global economy's growing influence, developing countries call for reform of the system is more and more big voice. However, in the promotion of G20 to become the world's main platform for economic governance, G7 and emerging economies showed a different strategy.
Institutional changes caused by G20 and G7 in the power structure, the difference rule structure and the structure of the value, and the comparative advantage of three of G20 (balance, legality and effectiveness of the power structure and the system structure to adapt to the low system construction cost) is a major cause of G20 is better than the treatment effect on G7 in the crisis governance. G20 played what role and how to measure and evaluate its treatment effect, this is the key problem in this paper to study the evaluation of the system. The control effect should be its governance objectives based on this paper from the G20 of the five main goals of governance objectively show the financial crisis G20 effect of governance. It is necessary to point out that G20 in its future development will face its problems and external challenges and other difficulties. Firstly, the G20 system will face the competition with G7. Although the situation in the field of economic cooperation between the two The relationship will continue to strengthen, but once the subject of G20 spillover to the political, security and other fields, the relationship between the two may be due to competition and tension. Secondly, the lack of interaction between the direct and effective mechanism and function of international organizations, G20 and function of international organizations will fall into fragmented governance situation, two governance effect will be greatly reduced. In addition, the United States also determines the special function of the development prospects of G20. The path dependence of the system of traditional governance will strengthen the hegemony of the United States and the United States is inert, to reform the existing global governance system and enthusiasm will also be with the improvement of the world economic situation and decline. If the loss of American leadership and promotion, improve and the development of G20 will lose its direction and power. How to effectively solve the above problems, a reasonable response to these challenges is the key to the future development of G20.

【学位授予单位】：复旦大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F831.59;F116

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