后危机时期长春市外向型经济发展研究

发布时间：2018-03-19 13:08

本文选题：外向型经济　切入点：后危机时期　出处：《吉林大学》2015年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：后金融危机时期，全球经济复苏乏力，美国金融危机和欧洲主权债务危机的影响持续渗透，外部经济环境不容乐观。欧债危机导致国际市场需求不振，全球贸易与贸易增速锐减，各国贸易竞争呈现加剧之势，纷纷出台贸易保护政策，发达经济体增长长期陷入停滞状态。受发达国家经济萧条的影响，我国经济增速出现回落，经济下行压力增大。稳定经济增长是当前我国经济工作中的首要任务，发展外向型经济已经成为转变经济增长方式的突破口。多年来，长春市在中央和地方政府相关政策引导下，结合本市经济特点和区域产业优势，推动外向型经济发展取得了积极进展。我市招商引资成效显著,利用外资规模不断扩大，投资结构和投资方式不断优化，口岸建设不断加强，对外开放水平进一步提升，对外贸易状况发生了显著的改变，特别是在进出口规模、开拓新兴市场力度、出口产品结构优化升级方面都呈现出良好发展的态势。但是在发展水平、投资环境、经营模式、出口结构和经贸企业核心竞争力等方面与先进城市存在着较大差距。目前，全球经济环境依然复杂多变，我市外向型经济发展面临着诸多的机遇和挑战。外向型经济发展存在的问题日益凸显，，主要表现为：实际利用内外资水平相对较低、外贸出口规模小、出口结构不合理、企业信心不足、对境外市场开拓力度不够、地区间恶性竞争日益激烈、项目落位有随意性倾向。自然地理区位不具备优势、经贸企业自身素质低、招商引资人文环境差、运作模式理念滞后、政府对企业扶持力度不够是制约长春市外向型经济发展的重要原因。沈阳、大连、宁波以及杭州等地区外向型经济发展水平较高，笔者基于对先进城市发展外向型经济的经验借鉴和对长春市外向型经济发展现状、存在的问题及原因的分析，提出以下几点建议：第一，要增强利用外资的战略效应。优化外资产业结构，进一步扩大外资的溢出效应，并鼓励加工贸易转型升级，还要推进中小企业加快发展。第二，要努力培育国际竞争新优势。加快推进企业战略型调整，鼓励企业加强质量和标准化建设，支持企业加大技术改造和产品创新，提高产品的国际竞争力。第三，提升对外贸易比较优势。一方面，加强和改善进口商品调控，充分优化进口结构。另一方面，努力提高企业自身核心技术水平，全面提高出口产品质量和附加值，加大出口结构调整。第四，调整优化外向型经济结构。进一步培育壮大外贸经营主体，继续鼓励高新技术产品出口，把资源优势转化为经济优势，扩大农副产品出口规模，与此同时，大力发展服务贸易和边境贸易。第五，进一步拓宽招商领域。实施落实“大项目带动”战略，以此带动长春市对外贸易企业的发展和完善。并发挥自身的产业优势，有效利用资本市场吸引战略性投资者。同时,引导外资向农业投入，还要加大面向东北亚的引资力度。第六，要大力提升“走出去”战略地位。加快培育跨国公司，大力发展对外承包工程和劳务合作，鼓励企业深度挖掘自身优势，同时支持中小企业开拓国际市场。
[Abstract]:After the financial crisis, the global economic recovery is weak, the U. S. financial crisis and the European sovereign debt crisis continues to permeate, the external economic environment is not optimistic. The debt crisis led to the international market demand, Global trade and trade growth rate dropped, trade competitive countries are intensifying, have introduced the trade protection policy in developed economies growth stalled long. Countries affected by the recession, China's economic growth rate to fall, increasing downward pressure on the economy. The stable growth of economy is a top priority in economic work of our country current affairs, the development of export-oriented economy has become a breakthrough in the transformation of economic growth mode.
Over the years, Changchun city in the central and local government policy guidance, combined with the economic characteristics and regional industrial advantages, promote the development of export-oriented economy has made positive progress. The effectiveness of a significant investment, utilization of foreign capital continues to expand the scale and the structure of investment optimize, port construction has been continuously strengthened, the level of opening up further, the occurrence of a significant change in foreign trade, especially in the import and export scale, develop new market dynamics, export product structure optimization and upgrading are showing a good development trend. But in the development level, investment environment, business model, export structure and trade and other aspects of the core competitiveness of enterprises and advanced city exists the gap.
At present, the global economic environment remains complex, the development of export-oriented economy in our city is facing many challenges and opportunities. The development of export-oriented economy is becoming increasingly prominent, the main performance is: the actual use of foreign capital to a relatively low level, small scale foreign trade export, the export structure is unreasonable, lack of business confidence, for overseas market develop enough, regional competition is becoming increasingly fierce, the project a random orientation. The natural geographic location does not have the advantage, trade enterprises own quality is low, the investment environment is poor, backward mode of operation concept, the government not to support efforts of the enterprise is an important factor that restricts the development of export-oriented economy Changchun city.
Shenyang, Dalian, a high level of export-oriented economic development in Ningbo and Hangzhou and other regions, the development of export-oriented economy based on the experience of the advanced city and the status quo of the development of export-oriented economy Changchun City, analyzes the existing problems and the reasons, put forward the following suggestions: first, to enhance the strategic effect of using foreign capital optimization. Foreign industrial structure, to further expand the spillover effect, and encourage the transformation and upgrading of processing trade, but also to promote the development of medium and small enterprises. Second, efforts should be made to cultivate new advantages in international competition. To accelerate the strategic adjustment of enterprises, encourage enterprises to strengthen quality and standardization construction, support enterprises to increase technological innovation and product innovation, improve the international competitiveness of products. Third, improve foreign trade comparative advantage. On the one hand, to strengthen and improve the regulation of imported goods, optimize the import structure. On the other hand, efforts to improve The level of their own core technology, and comprehensively improve the quality of export products and increase the added value, adjust the export structure. Fourth, adjust and optimize the structure of export-oriented economy. Further fostering the growth of foreign trade entities, continue to encourage the export of high-tech products, the resource advantages into economic advantages, expand the scale of export of agricultural and sideline products, at the same time, the development of service trade and the border trade. Fifth, further broaden the investment fields. The implementation of the implementation of "project driven" strategy, in order to promote and improve the development of foreign trade enterprises. Changchun city and play its industrial advantages, the effective use of capital market to attract strategic investors. At the same time, to guide foreign investment in agriculture, but also increase the degree of investment for Northeast Asia. Sixth, we should vigorously promote the strategy of "going out" position. Accelerating the development of multinational companies, vigorously develop foreign contracted projects and labor service cooperation To encourage enterprises to dig their own advantages in depth, and support small and medium-sized enterprises to open up the international market.

【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2015
【分类号】：F127

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