中国智力外流对经济增长的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-21 23:01

  本文选题：智力外流　切入点：经济增长　出处：《山东理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：从1960年以来,全球移民人数从7400万增至2亿左右,而且移民越来越多地从发展中国家流向发达国家,与此同时,接受高等教育的移民比例也显著提高。高水平人才从发展中国家向发达国家的加速迁移,使发展中国家的智力外流问题备受关注,其引发的经济、社会效应受到包括联合国和世界银行在内的国际组织、政府和学者的高度重视。中国作为发展中大国,其智力外流的规模不容忽视。在加入WTO之后,国家间要素流动的便利性得到增强,其智力外流现象更加明显。在此背景下,研究中国智力外流对其经济增长的影响方向及作用机制具有重要的理论和现实意义。鉴于中国智力外流的现实情况,考察智力外流对经济增长的影响有两种可行性思路：从纵向时间维度看,中国智力外流程度在不同的时期存在显著的差别,那么智力外流的经济增长效应是否会呈现出阶段性特征；从横向地区差异性看,中国不同地区的经济发展水平存在显著差异性,那么智力外流的经济增长效应是否会产生地区性差异。本文通过时间维度上的阶段性特征分析和空间地区性差异影响分析相结合,静态与动态相结合来研究中国智力外流对经济增长的影响路径和作用方向。具体的研究框架为：第一章引言,在界定智力外流的基础上说明研究背景及意义,阐述研究思路与创新之处；第二章理论述评回顾和梳理了国内外相关研究文献；第三章运用1992-2011年中国省际面板数据,就智力外流对经济增长影响的阶段性特征进行实证检验；第四章进一步检验智力外流经济效应的地区差异特征；第五章为结论及政策建议。论文通过定性分析与定量分析的结合说明了中国智力外流对经济增长的影响方向、作用机制和作用特征。研究发现：从时间维度来看,中国智力外流的经济效应在不同发展阶段内呈现差异化特征。在1992-2000年间为负效应,但教育激励下的人力资本提升效应显著为正；在2001-2011年间智力回流主导下的生产率提高效应与教育激励效应共同促使有益智力外流的形成；从空间维度来看,中国智力外流通过激励人力资本形成与积累显著促进了国内的经济增长,内陆欠发达地区智力外流的人力资本激励效应的边际作用比较大,而沿海发达地区人力资本影响经济增长的效果更强,总体来看,智力外流的经济增长效应在沿海发达地区更加明显。此外,论文通过引入交互项还发现智力外流通过人力资本激励效应对经济增长的影响随智力流动规模的扩大而提高,进一步引发对中国最优智力外流水平的思考,为研究有益智力外流显现过程中的“发展门槛”提供了借鉴意义
[Abstract]:Since 1960, the number of global migrants has increased from 74 million to about 200 million, and migrants are increasingly moving from developing to developed countries, while, at the same time, The proportion of immigrants to higher education has also increased significantly. The accelerated migration of high-level talent from developing to developed countries has caused much attention to the problem of brain drain from developing countries, which has triggered the economy. Social effects are highly valued by international organizations, governments and scholars, including the United Nations and the World Bank. As a developing country, the scale of the brain drain of China cannot be ignored. The convenience of the flow of elements between countries has been enhanced, and the phenomenon of brain drain has become more evident. In this context, It is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the influence direction and mechanism of Chinese brain drain on its economic growth. There are two feasible ways to examine the influence of brain drain on economic growth: from the vertical time dimension, there are significant differences in the degree of intellectual outflow in different periods in China. Then, will the economic growth effect of the brain drain take on a phased feature; from the perspective of horizontal regional differences, there are significant differences in the level of economic development in different regions of China. Then, whether the economic growth effect of the brain drain will produce regional differences, this paper combines the stage characteristic analysis in time dimension with the spatial regional difference influence analysis. This paper combines static and dynamic to study the influence path and direction of Chinese brain drain on economic growth. The specific research framework is as follows: the first chapter introduces the background and significance of the study on the basis of defining the brain drain. The second chapter reviews and combs the domestic and foreign related research literature, the third chapter uses the Chinese provincial panel data from 1992 to 2011 to carry on the empirical test on the stage characteristic of the intellectual outflow's influence on the economic growth; Chapter four further examines the characteristics of regional differences in the economic effects of the brain drain, and the fifth chapter is the conclusion and policy recommendations. Through the combination of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis, the paper explains the direction of the impact of the brain drain on the economic growth in China. The study shows that the economic effects of Chinese brain drain show different characteristics in different stages of development from the time dimension. It is a negative effect from 1992 to 2000. However, the effect of human capital enhancement under the education incentive is significantly positive; from 2001 to 2011, the productivity improvement effect and the educational incentive effect under the intelligence return lead to the formation of beneficial intelligence outflow. China's intellectual outflow has significantly promoted domestic economic growth by stimulating the formation and accumulation of human capital. The marginal effect of human capital incentive effect of intellectual outflow in less developed inland areas is relatively large. The effect of human capital on economic growth is stronger in the coastal developed areas. In general, the economic growth effect of the brain drain is more obvious in the coastal developed areas. Through the introduction of interactive terms, the paper also finds that the impact of brain drain on economic growth through human capital incentive effect increases with the expansion of the scale of intellectual mobility, which further leads to the consideration of the optimal level of brain drain in China. It provides a reference for the study of the "threshold of development" in the process of beneficial intellectual outflow.
【学位授予单位】：山东理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.1;F249.21
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本文编号：1645930