农村金融发展对我国城乡收入差距的影响研究

发布时间：2018-03-22 22:22

本文选题：农村金融　切入点：城乡收入差距　出处：《浙江理工大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，城乡差距的持续扩大被视为不利于社会和谐发展的潜在威胁，城乡差距的主要体现就是城乡居民收入水平的差距。自1985年开始，城乡居民收入的相对比值逐年扩大，目前已突破3:1。造成城乡收入差距的原因错综复杂，大多数研究认为有以下原因：改革开放初期工农产品价格“剪刀差”等历史原因，将农村居民和城镇居民划清界限并阻碍了农民进城的户籍制度，以及政府实行了一些“城市化倾向”的政策原因等。近几年也有一些学者研究了金融发展与城乡收入差距的关系，但是很少有单独从农村金融发展的角度来解释城乡收入差距的原因。本文将从农村金融发展角度研究其对城乡收入差距的影响，对丰富城乡收入差距问题全方位多层次的认识具有重要的理论意义，对缓解我国城乡收入差距问题，构建和谐社会具有积极的现实意义。在本文的农村金融发展对我国城乡收入差距影响机制研究的理论分析部分，认为农村金融规模和效率发展会促进经济增长，从而缩小城乡收入差距；收入分配机制和门槛效应会抑制农村金融规模的扩大和效率的提升，从而使城乡差距扩大；其他金融因素如金融二元结构和金融危机等也会在一定程度上影响城乡收入差距。在理论分析基础上，继续进行实证检验，运用的方法是基于时序数据理论的VAR模型分析和面板数据模型分析，采用城乡居民收入比值为被解释变量，农村融发展规模、农村金融发展效率为解释变量，并以城市化、财政支农支出比、农村固定资产比重作为控制变量。在时序数据理论模型中，利用1981-2009年的全国时间序列数据，得出结论：短期，农村金融发展规模总量扩大的冲击会拉大城乡收入差距，，农村金融发展效率的提升却会缩小城乡收入差距；长期，农村金融规模扩大和农村金融效率提升是有利于缩小我国城乡收入差距的。面板数据模型中，利用2005-2009年我国30个省市的数据分析，结果显示全国范围内分析得到农村金融发展规模的扩大和农村金融发展效率的提高，会缩小城乡收入差距；分东、中、西部分析得到东西部的农村金融发展规模的扩大有利于城乡收入差距的缩小，中部不显著，东西部的农村金融发展效率提升有助于缩小城乡收入差距，而中部反而扩大。这些结论显示发展农村金融从长期来看是有助于缩小城乡收入差距的，因此我国应注重农村金融健康有序的发展，提高其效率和扩大其规模，最终使城乡收入差距缩小。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the continuous expansion of the urban-rural gap has been regarded as a potential threat to the harmonious development of society. The main manifestation of the urban-rural gap is the income gap between urban and rural residents. The relative ratio of income between urban and rural residents has expanded year by year and has now exceeded 3: 1.The reasons for the income gap between urban and rural areas are complicated. Most studies believe that there are the following reasons: the price of industrial and agricultural products "scissors" in the early stage of reform and opening up, and other historical reasons. Separate the boundaries between rural and urban residents and hinder the household registration system for peasants entering the city. And why the government has implemented some "urbanization tendencies". In recent years, some scholars have also studied the relationship between financial development and the income gap between urban and rural areas. However, there are few reasons to explain the income gap between urban and rural areas from the perspective of rural financial development. This paper will study its impact on the urban-rural income gap from the perspective of rural financial development. It is of great theoretical significance to enrich the comprehensive and multi-level understanding of the income gap between urban and rural areas. It is of positive practical significance to alleviate the problem of income gap between urban and rural areas in China and to build a harmonious society. In the part of the theoretical analysis of the influence mechanism of rural financial development on the urban-rural income gap in China, it is concluded that the scale and efficiency of rural financial development will promote economic growth and thus narrow the urban-rural income gap; Income distribution mechanism and threshold effect will restrain the expansion of rural financial scale and the improvement of efficiency, thus widening the gap between urban and rural areas; Other financial factors, such as the dualistic structure of finance and the financial crisis, will also affect the income gap between urban and rural areas to a certain extent. The methods used are VAR model analysis based on time series data theory and panel data model analysis. The ratio of urban and rural residents' income is used as the explained variable, the scale of rural financial development and the efficiency of rural financial development are taken as explanatory variables, and urbanization is taken as the explanatory variable. The proportion of rural fixed assets is regarded as the control variable. In the theoretical model of time series data, using the national time series data from 1981 to 2009, it is concluded that in the short term, the impact of the expansion of the total scale of rural financial development will widen the income gap between urban and rural areas. The improvement of rural financial development efficiency will narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. In the panel data model, the expansion of rural financial scale and the improvement of rural financial efficiency will help to narrow the urban-rural income gap. By using the data of 30 provinces and cities in China from 2005 to 2009, the results show that the expansion of the scale of rural financial development and the improvement of the efficiency of rural financial development will narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. The western analysis shows that the expansion of the scale of rural financial development in the east and west is conducive to the narrowing of the income gap between urban and rural areas, but the central region is not significant. These conclusions show that the development of rural finance is helpful to narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas in the long run. Therefore, our country should pay attention to the healthy and orderly development of rural finance, improve its efficiency and expand its scale, and finally narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F832.7

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