环境规制对技术创新影响分析

发布时间：2018-03-26 16:29

本文选题：环境规制　切入点：技术创新　出处：《江西财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：随着改革开放的进程的进一步加快，生产力和科技都得以迅猛发展，人民群众的生活水平也得到了极大的改善。但我国环境状况却每况愈下，京津冀的“雾霾天气”，云南的地区长期的干旱，这些无一不在提醒我们，解决环境问题已经是迫在眉睫。而国际的绿色壁垒的建立，哥本哈根会议的召开也说明各国政府对于环境问题的重视，当然中国也不例外。中国在过去的几年里提高环境规制的强度，加大环境规制的执法力度的同时扩充了环境监督工作的人员配置。但这些努力对于环境问题的改善效果却收效不好。中国是幅员辽阔的国家，，也是一个发展极其不平衡的国家，中国的环境规制不应该是简单的统一，而是针对不同地区，采用不同的规制类型或规制强度。本文首先回顾环境规制的发展历程，20世纪的中国，环境规制以命令型为主，而现阶段的规制类型主要是市场型。其次，本文分别从静态和动态两个方面分析了命令型规制和自愿型规制对于技术创新的影响，同时分析了市场型规制与技术创新之间的正负效应。而后采用数理模型验证了存在规制的情况下会比未规制的情况下，产生更少的污染排放量；并通过对比分析市场型环境规制和命令型环境规制对于企业的市场占有率和污染排放量的影响，发现采用市场环境规制会使企业占有更高的市场份额；且针对不同经济发展水平的地区的分析发现，经济水平高的地区技术创新率会高于经济水平低的地区。然后，选用1998年到2011年的31个省份的面板数据对市场型规制与技术创新的关系进行实证分析。从回归的结果发现：在当期的情况下，市场型环境规制会在不同程度上抑制地区的技术创新，但滞后三期的环境规制对不同地区的技术效应呈现出不同程度的正效应，其中东部地区尤为明显，中部地区次之，西部地区不显著。所以，我国应该在考虑到不同地区的具体情况，制定有针对性的政策，这样才能保证各个地区环境规制的效率高，整体的成本低。
[Abstract]:With the further acceleration of the process of reform and opening up, productivity and science and technology have developed rapidly, and the living standards of the people have been greatly improved. The "haze weather" in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei, and the prolonged drought in Yunnan, all of which remind us of the urgency of solving environmental problems, and the establishment of international green barriers, The convening of Copenhagen also shows the importance governments attach to environmental issues, and China is no exception. China has increased the intensity of environmental regulation in the past few years. While increasing the enforcement of environmental regulations and expanding the staffing of environmental supervision, these efforts have not been effective in improving environmental problems. China is a vast country and a country with extremely uneven development. China's environmental regulation should not be a simple unity, but for different regions, different regulatory types or regulatory intensity. This paper first reviews the development of environmental regulation in China in the 20th century. This paper analyzes the influence of command regulation and voluntary regulation on technological innovation from static and dynamic aspects respectively. At the same time, the positive and negative effects between market regulation and technological innovation are analyzed. And through the comparative analysis of market environmental regulation and command environmental regulation on the market share and pollution emissions, it is found that the adoption of market environmental regulation will make enterprises have a higher market share; And according to the analysis of regions with different economic development levels, it is found that the technological innovation rate in areas with high economic level will be higher than that in areas with low economic level. Then, From 1998 to 2011, the panel data of 31 provinces were selected to analyze the relationship between market regulation and technological innovation. The market environmental regulation will restrain the technological innovation in different degree, but the technical effect of the environmental regulation in three periods is different, especially in the eastern region, followed by the central region, especially in the eastern region, and then in the central region, especially in the eastern region, especially in the eastern region, and in the middle region in the second place. Therefore, China should take into account the specific conditions of different regions, formulate targeted policies, so as to ensure that the efficiency of environmental regulation in each region is high and the overall cost is low.
【学位授予单位】：江西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：X22;F124.3

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