劳动收入份额与收入分配差距关系研究

发布时间：2018-04-08 07:39

本文选题：劳动收入份额　切入点：收入分配　出处：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：自1978年以来,我国经济体制正在经历由计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转变,这不仅解放了生产力,还极大的促进了社会的进步与发展。我国收入分配制度也随之进行了多次重大改革,逐步建立起以按劳分配为主,多种分配方式并存的收入分配制度。近年来,针对居民收入差距拉大的问题,政府重点从国民收入再分配方面进行努力,多措并举(主要包括转移支付、税收、补贴等手段),但是收入差距扩大的趋势不但没有得到有效控制,而且愈演愈烈。笔者以为要缩小贫富差距,提高居民劳动收入份额在初次分配中的比重是问题的突破口。因此本文从功能收入分配的角度首先探讨了影响劳动收入份额的因素,然后分析劳动收入份额对收入分配差距的影响作用,以期找出影响我国收入分配格局的深层原因,为缩小贫富差距提供有益参考。文章首先将我国划分为东、中、西部三个地区,运用同时引入劳动增加型技术进步和资本增加型技术进步的索洛增长模型分析了影响劳动收入份额的因素,即：教育支出增长率、技术资金投入增长率、固定资本投入增长率、劳动力增长率和经济增长率。它们对不同经济体有不同的影响,具体来看：1对于东部地区,应通过平衡资本增加型技术进步和劳动增加型技术进步的资金投入的增长速度,大力增加教育支出来提高劳动收入份额：2中西部地区要想提高劳动收入份额必须要同时增加教育支出和资本增加型技术进步的资金投入。在此基础上,本文进一步探讨了劳动收入份额减小与收入差距拉大之间的影响机理,以1999～2009年我国基尼系数为被解释变量,以东、中、西部各地区教育支出增长率、劳动力增长率、科学技术资金投入增长率、固定资本投入增长率和经济增长率为解释变量,采用面板数据的固定效应模型分析了劳动收入份额与收入分配差距的影响关系。实证结果表明：提高劳动收入份额有利于缩小我国居民收入差距,降低劳动收入份额,则居民收入差距将进一步拉大。具体表现在：1提高教育支出的增长率有利于降低基尼系数；2加固定资本投资增长率和提高经济增长率会使基尼系数增大；3科学技术资金投入增长率与劳动力增长率的变化对基尼系数的变化影响暂不明显。在此基础上,文章提出提高教育支出增长率可以提高各地区的劳动收入份额,从而降低基尼系数。对于东部地区,应该避免过快的经济增长速度和固定资本投资；对于西部地区,要大力促进资本增加型技术进步的资金投入,同时也要控制好经济增长速度。
[Abstract]:Since 1978, China's economic system is undergoing a transition from the planned economy to the market economy, which not only liberates the productive forces, but also greatly promotes the progress and development of the society.The income distribution system in China has been reformed for many times, and a distribution system based on distribution according to work and coexistence of multiple distribution methods has been gradually established.In recent years, in response to the widening income gap among residents, the government has focused its efforts on redistribution of national income.Subsidies and other means, but the widening trend of income gap not only has not been effectively controlled, but also intensified.The author thinks that to narrow the gap between the rich and the poor and to increase the proportion of resident labor income in the initial distribution is the breakthrough.Therefore, from the perspective of functional income distribution, this paper first discusses the factors that affect labor income share, and then analyzes the effect of labor income share on income distribution gap, in order to find out the deep reasons that affect the pattern of income distribution in China.To narrow the gap between rich and poor to provide useful reference.In this paper, we divide our country into three regions, east, middle and west, and analyze the factors that affect the share of labor income by using the Solow growth model, which introduces both labor increasing technology progress and capital increasing technology progress.That is, the growth rate of education expenditure, technical capital investment, fixed capital investment, labor force growth rate and economic growth rate.They have different effects on different economies. Specifically, for the eastern region, the growth rate of capital investment should be balanced between capital-increasing technological progress and labor-enhancing technological progress.To increase the labor income share in the Midwestern region, to increase the labor income share, it is necessary to increase both the education expenditure and the capital increasing capital investment in the technological progress.On this basis, this paper further discusses the influence mechanism between the decrease of labor income share and the widening of income gap. Taking the Gini coefficient of China from 1999 to 2009 as the explanatory variable, the growth rate of educational expenditure in the east, middle and west regions is discussed.The growth rate of labor force, the rate of investment in science and technology, the growth rate of fixed capital input and the rate of economic growth are the explanatory variables. The fixed effect model of panel data is used to analyze the relationship between labor income share and income distribution gap.The empirical results show that increasing the share of labor income is conducive to narrowing the income gap and reducing the share of labor income, then the income gap will be further widened.Specifically, increasing the growth rate of education expenditure by 1: 1 will help to reduce the growth rate of Gini coefficient plus fixed capital investment and increase the economic growth rate, which will increase the Gini coefficient and increase the growth rate of investment in science and technology and the growth of labor force.The effect of the change of the rate on the Gini coefficient is not obvious for the time being.On this basis, the paper puts forward that increasing the growth rate of education expenditure can increase the share of labor income in all regions and thus reduce the Gini coefficient.For the eastern region, we should avoid the excessive economic growth rate and fixed capital investment, and for the western region, we should vigorously promote the capital investment of capital increasing technology progress and control the economic growth rate at the same time.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7

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