垄断和竞争行业的比较生产力与收入差距——基于广义价值论的分析

发布时间：2018-04-10 01:36

本文选题：垄断行业　切入点：竞争行业　出处：《学术月刊》2014年04期

【摘要】：中国垄断行业的高收入饱受诟病,但由于垄断行业与竞争行业的生产力差异,垄断行业的高收入也有合理的部分。而要测算其合理部分,需要一个理论基础。广义价值论认为,判断行业间收入差距是否合理,无疑是看这种收入差距与行业间比较生产力的差别是否一致。如果劳动者在垄断和竞争行业获得与其比较生产力水平相对应的报酬,其工资是根据比较利益率相等的原则确定的,则符合"公平原则",由此形成的收入差距应当予以承认和保留。基于"2012年中国城乡居民收入调查数据"的测算结果表明,根据按生产要素贡献分配的原则,中国目前垄断行业与竞争行业之间收入差距有10%以上是不合理的,这种不合理差距在农民工以及操作人员方面表现得更加突出。这种超过比较生产力差异决定的不合理收入差距,是由垄断因素导致的,应当予以缩小直至消除这部分差距。
[Abstract]:China's monopoly industry has been criticized for its high income, but there is a reasonable part of its high income due to the productivity difference between the monopoly industry and the competitive industry.And to calculate its reasonable part, need a theoretical foundation.In the theory of generalized value, it is no doubt that whether the income gap between industries is reasonable or not is the same as the difference of comparative productivity between industries.If a worker is remunerated in a monopoly and competitive industry corresponding to his level of comparative productivity, his wages are determined on the basis of the principle of equal rates of comparative benefits,Therefore, the income gap should be recognized and preserved.Based on the data from the income Survey of Urban and Rural residents in China in 2012, the results show that according to the principle of distribution according to the contribution of factors of production, the income gap between monopoly and competitive industries in China at present is more than 10% unreasonable.This unreasonable gap in migrant workers and operators more prominent.This unreasonable income gap over the difference of comparative productivity is caused by monopoly factors and should be reduced until it is eliminated.
【作者单位】：清华大学政治经济学研究中心;
【分类号】：F124.7

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