高等职业教育对天津市经济增长贡献率的实证研究

发布时间：2018-04-26 19:16

本文选题：高等职业教育 + 经济增长　；参考：《天津职业技术师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：舒尔茨的人力资本理论指出：人力资本是指蕴含在劳动者身上具有经济价值的知识、技能及健康的集合体。教育投入是人力资本投资的重要组成部分，也是推动经济增长的内省动力。当前世界经济产业结构极大转型，而我国经济增长方式更强调“中国制造”向“中国创造”的战略性演变。工业产品附加值在很大程度上源于高等职业教育的贡献力，因而经济增长方式转型对高等职业教育的培养目标提出新的期望和要求。作为我国职业教育改革创新示范区，天津市高等职业教育发展状况备受关注。通过计算高等职业教育对天津市经济增长贡献率，从数据分析角度探讨高职教育发展中的不足，为天津市制定高职教育发展策略提供一定的参考和借鉴。本文运用理论分析和实证分析对高等职业教育对天津市经济增长的贡献情况进行了研究，采用柯布-道格拉斯生产函数以定量计算的方法从两个方面进行比较分析：一方面是高等职业教育和大学本科教育对天津市经济增长贡献率的比较；另一方面是高职教育对天津市和东部五省经济增长贡献率的比较。研究过程均采用了2001-2011年间的相关数据。计算结果显示高职教育和本科教育对天津市经济增长的贡献率分别为1.780%和3.798%，高职教育对天津市经济增长的贡献率不及本科教育贡献率的一半。在与东部五省高职教育对经济增长贡献率的比较中天津市高等职业教育处在偏中下水平，继而发现天津市的高职教育发展还存在较多问题：现有专业设置与产业结构不匹配，技能人才供给类型与产业需求不匹配；部分高职院校过于追求“大而全”的办学模式，办学特色不鲜明；高职毕业生人才外流降低了天津市受高职教育从业人员数量；现有高职院校培养人才数量与滨海新区对高端技能人才的需求不符等。针对天津市高职教育发展中存在的问题，，文章从政府、企业、学校、民间组织四个角度提出对策建议：政府宏观调控高职院校专业设置，政策引导人们对高职教育观念的改变，根据实地需求在滨海新区开办新院校；企业与学校合作，通过校企合作将企业的用人要求渗透到高职院校的教学实训过程中，配合学校做好高职在校生的顶岗实习和教师企业培训；高职院校改进教学模式，实行弹性学制，开创新的办学理念，追求“小而精”的办学效果；民间组织要在相关政策的帮助下加大对高职教育的投入和办学支持。
[Abstract]:Schultz's theory of human capital points out that human capital refers to a combination of knowledge, skills and health that are of economic value to workers. Education investment is an important part of human capital investment, and it is also the internal motive force to promote economic growth. At present, the industrial structure of the world economy is undergoing great transformation, and the mode of economic growth in China emphasizes the strategic evolution from "made in China" to "created in China". The added value of industrial products to a large extent comes from the contribution of higher vocational education, so the transformation of economic growth mode puts forward new expectations and requirements for the training goal of higher vocational education. As a demonstration area of vocational education reform and innovation in our country, the development of higher vocational education in Tianjin has attracted much attention. By calculating the contribution rate of higher vocational education to Tianjin's economic growth, this paper discusses the deficiency in the development of higher vocational education from the point of view of data analysis, and provides a certain reference and reference for Tianjin to formulate the development strategy of higher vocational education. This paper studies the contribution of higher vocational education to Tianjin's economic growth by theoretical analysis and empirical analysis. This paper uses Cobb-Douglas production function to make a comparative analysis from two aspects: on the one hand, comparing the contribution rate of higher vocational education and undergraduate education to Tianjin's economic growth; On the other hand, the contribution rate of higher vocational education to the economic growth of Tianjin and five eastern provinces is compared. Data from 2001-2011 were used in the study. The results show that the contribution rates of higher vocational education and undergraduate education to Tianjin's economic growth are 1.780% and 3.798% respectively, and the contribution rate of higher vocational education to Tianjin's economic growth is less than half of that of undergraduate education. In comparison with the contribution rate of higher vocational education to economic growth in five eastern provinces, higher vocational education in Tianjin is in the middle and lower level, and then it is found that there are still many problems in the development of higher vocational education in Tianjin: the existing specialty setup and industrial structure do not match. The supply type of skilled personnel does not match with the demand of industry; some higher vocational colleges too pursue the "big and complete" mode of running a school, and the characteristics of running a school are not clear; the brain drain of higher vocational graduates reduces the number of employees in higher vocational education in Tianjin; The quantity of talents cultivated in the existing higher vocational colleges is not in accordance with the demand for high-end skilled personnel in Binhai New area. In view of the problems existing in the development of higher vocational education in Tianjin, the paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from four angles of government, enterprise, school and non-governmental organization: the government macroscopically regulates the specialty establishment of higher vocational colleges, and the policy guides people to change the concept of higher vocational education. To open new colleges in Binhai New area according to the demand on the ground; to cooperate with schools, and through cooperation between schools and enterprises, to infiltrate the employment requirements of enterprises into the teaching and training process of higher vocational colleges. Cooperate with the school to do the job practice and the teacher enterprise training of the students in higher vocational colleges, improve the teaching mode, carry out the flexible system, create the new idea of running a school, and pursue the effect of "small but fine". Private organizations should increase the input and support to higher vocational education with the help of relevant policies.
【学位授予单位】：天津职业技术师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F127;G719.2

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