中国劳动收入占比变化的影响因素研究

发布时间：2018-05-31 01:09

本文选题：劳动收入占比 + 产业结构　；参考：《重庆大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：改革开放以来，中国经济取得长足进步。但居民可支配收入的增速却相当缓慢，并且伴随居民收入差距扩大。学者们认为，逐渐扩大的收入差距和投资规模，以及消费不足等都与国民收入的初次分配格局密切相关。而我国劳动要素收入却在2011年下降至44.94%，远低于多数发展中国家及发达国家所处的55%—65%的水平。因此本文的主要目的便是寻找影响我国劳动收入占比的主要因素，并对其影响机制进行研究。本文在产业结构层面及部门内部层面对劳动收入占比的影响因素进行了研究。对劳动收入占比的分解结果显示我国劳动收入占比的变动由产业结构变化效应占主导向部门内部效应占主导转变。1993—2003年间，产业结构变化能解释我国劳动收入占比变动的90%以上，而2004—2011年间，劳动收入占比变化的80%是由部门内部劳动报酬的变动引起的。而通过建立以CD函数为基础的推导模型，本文认为影响我国劳动收入占比的影响因素有劳动力实际成本、资本深化、偏向型技术进步以及要素市场的扭曲。利用2005—2009年省级面板数据的进行计量分析之后，本文认为资本深化并没有降低劳动收入占比，反而对劳动收入占比具有正面效应，原因是资本与劳动仍是互补关系，资本积累更多用于扩大再生产，能吸引更多劳动投入生产，促进社会工资的提高；民营化也对劳动收入占比具有正面效应，因为非国有经济面对与国有经济不同的要素价格，使其更多地集中于劳动密集型行业并倾向于选择劳动增强型技术进步；外资流入及地方政府之间的招商引资竞赛使得劳动的议价能力被牺牲，因此对劳动收入占比具有负效应；而要素市场的扭曲使得劳动要素不能获取与其贡献程度相匹配的报酬，因此其是造成我国劳动收入占比低水平的重要原因。针对以上结论，本文认为应继续推进国有企业改革，提高国企效率，并支持民营经济的发展；改善地方政府政绩考核机制，并制定和完善相关政策法规以加大对劳动力正当权益的保护，消除劳动力流动限制，，以减轻劳动要素市场的扭曲。保护劳动者合理报酬的同时，还应增加居民的财产性收入，使得劳动者不仅获得劳动报酬，更充分分享资本增殖的成果，从而缩小社会收入差距，提高社会福利。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has made considerable progress. But the growth rate of resident disposable income is quite slow, and accompanied by the widening income gap. Scholars believe that the widening income gap and investment scale, as well as insufficient consumption are closely related to the initial distribution pattern of national income. However, the income of labor factors in China declined to 44.94% in 2011, which is far lower than the level of 55-65% in most developing countries and developed countries. Therefore, the main purpose of this paper is to find out the main factors that affect the labor income in China, and to study its influence mechanism. In this paper, the industrial structure and the internal level of labor income impact factors were studied. The result of the decomposition of labor income ratio shows that the change of labor income share in China has changed from the industrial structure effect to the internal effect from 1993 to 2003. The change of industrial structure can explain more than 90% of the change of labor income in our country. In 2004-2011, 80% of the change of labor income is caused by the change of labor remuneration within the department. By establishing a model based on CD function, this paper holds that the factors influencing the proportion of labor income in China are actual labor cost, capital deepening, biased technological progress and distortion of factor market. Based on the econometric analysis of provincial panel data from 2005 to 2009, this paper concludes that capital deepening does not reduce the proportion of labor income, but has a positive effect on the proportion of labor income, because capital and labor still complement each other. More capital accumulation for expanding reproduction can attract more labor into production and promote higher social wages. Privatization also has a positive effect on the share of labour income, as the non-state-owned economy is faced with factor prices that differ from those of the state-owned economy. It focuses more on the labor-intensive industries and tends to choose the labor-enhanced technological progress, the inflow of foreign capital and the competition between the local governments to attract investment make the bargaining power of labor be sacrificed, so it has a negative effect on the proportion of labor income. The distortion of the factor market makes the labor factor can not get the reward matching with its contribution degree, so it is the important reason of the low labor income ratio in our country. In view of the above conclusions, this paper holds that we should continue to promote the reform of state-owned enterprises, improve the efficiency of state-owned enterprises, and support the development of private economy, and improve the performance assessment mechanism of local governments. And make and perfect the relevant policies and regulations to strengthen the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of the labor force, eliminate the restrictions of labor flow, and reduce the distortion of the labor factor market. While protecting the reasonable remuneration of the laborer, we should also increase the property income of the residents, so that the laborer can not only get the labor reward, but also share the fruits of the capital multiplication more fully, so as to narrow the social income gap and improve the social welfare.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F249.24

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