城市偏向的财政政策与城乡收入差距研究

发布时间：2018-06-14 17:35

本文选题：城市偏向 + 二元财政　；参考：《新疆大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：“城市偏向”的发展模式是大多数国家在早期经济积累过程中，为实现经济的迅速增长而做出的战略选择，尤以财税政策上的城市偏向性最为突出。但这一经济增长模式所内生的弊端是收入分配不公，城乡收入分配格局会逐渐恶化，这也正是现阶段我国经济发展所面临的突出问题。正确处理好城乡收入分配问题、准确评估“城市偏向”政策的影响进而实现经济增长方式的调整与优化成为经济和社会稳步发展的重要保证。现有的研究理论与实证结果较为丰富，这为本文的研究奠定了良好的基础。本文共分以下五部分：第一部分是引言，说明了本研究领域的国内外现状，本论文所要解决的问题，以及本研究在我国经济建设方面的理论价值与实际意义。第二部分是本文研究的理论分析部分，主要是借鉴路径依赖理论、中等收入陷阱理论、城市发展理论、地方政府经济学理论和贫困陷阱理论等方面的最新研究成果，提取其中相关的经济思想，增强本文研究的前沿性和理论深度。城市偏向的财政政策在自我强化与不断吸收配套政策的作用下会形成“路径依赖”并自我“锁定”，而摆脱这样一种次优发展战略有赖于外部的制度创新，仅靠城市化不能自动缩小城乡收入差距，从城市发展理论的角度，我国的城市化尚未形成与服务业的联动发展模式，而农村地区的发展若被忽视，便有坠入“中等收入陷阱”的危险。另外，地方政府应成为公共财政体系中的有效服务者，依照城市和农村地区的不同需要提供相应财政支持，而农村克服“贫困陷阱”、实现农业现代化需要投入充足的资金以超过一定的“门槛值”。第三部分通过选取二元财政对比度、城乡收入差距与农村居民消费三个变量，运用Johansen协整理论和VECM模型，探讨了城市偏向政策与城乡收入差距的内在联动机制及其对农村居民消费的影响，结果显示城市偏向的财政政策主要受自我强化与惯性的影响，这证明了“路径依赖”的存在，，而城乡收入差距的扩大并非直接源自财政的偏向性，预测结果也表明即便城市偏向的财政政策会消除，缩小城乡收入差距的阻力依然存在。第四部分使用混合模型法，以农业经济增长为目标，加入了地方政府农业财政投入这一变量，实证分析了各农业生产要素的贡献率，结果表明，劳动投入仍然是现阶段农业经济增长的主要推动力，资本的投入更多地以技术进步的方式间接促进农业发展，不过技术进步对农业经济增长的贡献率并不高，因此地方政府应重点加大农村地区科技和人力资本方面的财政投入。第五部分总结全文研究结论与研究成果，为下一步国家政策的调整提供有益的启示。
[Abstract]:The development model of "urban bias" is the strategic choice that most countries made to realize the rapid economic growth in the process of early economic accumulation, especially in the fiscal policy. However, the inherent malpractice of this economic growth model is unfair income distribution, and the pattern of income distribution between urban and rural areas will gradually deteriorate, which is also the outstanding problem that our country is facing in the economic development at the present stage. It is an important guarantee for the steady development of economy and society to correctly deal with the problem of urban and rural income distribution, to accurately evaluate the influence of "urban bias" policy and to realize the adjustment and optimization of economic growth mode. The existing theoretical and empirical results are relatively rich, which laid a good foundation for this study. This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, which explains the current situation of this research field at home and abroad, the problems to be solved in this paper, as well as the theoretical value and practical significance of this study in China's economic construction. The second part is the theoretical analysis part of this paper, mainly draw lessons from the path dependence theory, middle-income trap theory, urban development theory, local government economics theory and poverty trap theory and other aspects of the latest research results. The relevant economic ideas are extracted to enhance the forerunner and theoretical depth of this paper. Under the function of self-strengthening and absorbing the supporting policies, the urban fiscal policy will form "path dependence" and "lock" itself, and get rid of such a sub-optimal development strategy depends on external institutional innovation. Urbanization alone can not automatically narrow the income gap between urban and rural areas. From the perspective of urban development theory, urbanization in China has not yet formed a linkage development model with the service industry, but the development of rural areas is ignored. There is a risk of falling into a middle-income trap. In addition, local governments should become effective service providers in the public financial system, providing corresponding financial support in accordance with the different needs of urban and rural areas, while rural areas should overcome the "poverty trap". To realize agricultural modernization, we need to invest enough funds to exceed a certain threshold. The third part uses Johansen co-integration theory and VECM model to select three variables of dual fiscal contrast, urban-rural income gap and rural residents' consumption. This paper discusses the internal linkage mechanism between urban bias policy and urban-rural income gap and its influence on rural residents' consumption. The results show that the fiscal policy of urban bias is mainly influenced by self-reinforcement and inertia, which proves the existence of "path dependence". However, the widening of urban-rural income gap is not directly due to fiscal bias. The forecast results also show that even if the urban-rural biased fiscal policy will be eliminated, the resistance to narrowing urban-rural income gap still exists. The fourth part uses the mixed model method, taking the agricultural economic growth as the goal, adds the local government agricultural financial input variable, empirically analyzes the contribution rate of each agricultural production factor, the result shows that, Labor input is still the main driving force of agricultural economic growth at the present stage. The investment of capital promotes agricultural development indirectly by means of technological progress, but the contribution rate of technological progress to agricultural economic growth is not high. Therefore, local governments should focus on increasing the financial investment in science and technology and human capital in rural areas. The fifth part summarizes the conclusions and results of the research, and provides useful inspiration for the next step of national policy adjustment.
【学位授予单位】：新疆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F812.0;F124.7

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