元代以前蒙古族经济史研究

发布时间：2018-06-25 20:18

本文选题：元代以前 + 蒙古族　；参考：《中央民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：蒙古族是我国少数民族中历史悠久、人口较多、影响力较大的民族。研究这样一个曾经极其辉煌并对中国有着巨大影响的游牧民族的经济史,对于认识今天北方少数民族的经济发展具有重要借鉴意义。本文作为“985工程”项目“蒙古族经济史研究”的开篇部分,重点对元代以前蒙古族经济发展作综合性整体研究。在第一章探究了蒙古族的起源及其与北方各游牧民族的关系,如匈奴、东胡以及属于东胡族系的鲜卑、柔然、契丹、乌桓、室韦等部族对蒙古族这个新的民族共同体的影响及联系,部族联盟时期的经济发展情况及与其他部族的经济交往等,同时,对蒙古族主体部族室韦的兴起、初期经济活动等进行了重点介绍。在第二章对蒙古族统一前的经济形式和特点进行了研究,重点介绍了蒙古族以游牧经济为主的基本生产生活方式,分析了游牧经济脆弱性、季节性、流动性的特点,同时对蒙古族形成后至蒙古汗国建立前各时期的经济特点进行了深入研究,如蒙古族经济社会从原始的狩猎——采集经济文化类型过渡到以草原游牧经济文化类型为主导,并有少量农业经济作为畜牧经济的补充形式而存在,游牧生产方式逐渐从“古列延”过渡到“阿寅勒”,游牧经济的开放性也促进了北方游牧部族间的融合,为蒙古族的统一奠定了较为坚实的经济基础。第三章将蒙古族阶级社会的形成和发展作为重点研究对象。随着蒙古社会生产力的提高,畜牧业的发展,私有财产范围逐渐扩大,数量日益增加,财产占有的不平衡,导致贫富分化和私有制的产生。而富人和穷人、自由人和奴隶、贵族和平民的出现,打破了蒙古社会人与人自由、平等的关系,形成了人剥削人、人奴役人的阶级关系,蒙古族逐步由氏族公社过渡到了阶级社会,完成了生产关系的重大变革。富有者不仅占有生产资料,也逐渐占有劳动者本身,这就导致奴隶制的产生。奴隶主要来源于战争、买卖、陪嫁、世袭、罪犯和自动投靠为奴,供那颜贵族家内役使、从事生产劳动和用于军队,处于完全被统治,被役使的地位。蒙古族奴隶制社会持续时间不长,随着蒙古族统一,蒙古族经济迅速发展,那可儿和合剌出等构成的社会关系,形成了处于萌芽状态的封建关系,这种封建关系一经出现,便以巨大的力量冲击奴隶制。为适应社会发展需要,打破原有奴隶制生产关系对生产力继续发展的桎梏,奴隶主与奴隶之间、各阶级、各政治集团之间展开了激烈的错综复杂的斗争,斗争的结局——蒙古社会逐步实现了由奴隶制向封建制的过渡,中国北方第一次出现了统一各个部族而形成的强大、稳定和不断发展的民族——蒙古族。第四章重点介绍了成吉思汗登上历史舞台后所开创的经济事业和取得的经济成就。蒙古族凭借其游牧经济的优势建立了蒙古汗国,成为世界上疆域最为广大的帝国,横行欧亚大陆。蒙古汗国建立了封建领主制,实行了千户分封制,制定了大札撒成文法。在经济制度上,实行了封建领主土地制度、赋税制度、徭役制度、货币制度等；在经济成就上,蒙古汗国的畜牧业、农业、手工业及商业都有了快速发展,同时,蒙古汗国加强与东西方各民族的经济技术文化交流,有力地促进了东西方文明的相互传播与交流。
[Abstract]:The Mongolian nationality is a nation with a long history, a large population and great influence among the ethnic minorities in our country. It is of great significance to study the economic history of the nomadic people, which has once been extremely brilliant and has a great influence on China, and is of great significance for the understanding of the economic development of the minority nationalities in the north of the north.
This article, as the first part of the "985 Project" project "the study of the Mongolian economic history", focuses on the comprehensive and integrated study of the Mongolian economic development before the Yuan Dynasty. In the first chapter, the origin of the Mongolian nationality and its relations with the nomadic people in the north are explored, such as the Xiongnu, Donghu and the Xianbei, the ROEN, Khitan, Wuhuan, and the Donghu family. The influence and connection of the Wei and other tribes on the new national community, the economic development in the period of the tribal alliance and the economic contacts with other tribes, and the emphasis on the rise of the Mongolian main tribe and the initial economic activities. In the second chapter, the economic forms and characteristics before the unification of the Mongolian nationality are carried out. The study focuses on the basic production and life style of Mongolian people based on nomadic economy, analyses the characteristics of the frailty, seasonality and fluidity of nomadic economy, and studies the economic characteristics of the Mongolian nationality after the formation of Mongolia khanate, such as the Mongolian economy and society from the primitive hunting. The transition of the type of economic culture to the type of pasture nomadic economy and culture, and the existence of a small amount of agricultural economy as a supplementary form of animal husbandry economy, the mode of nomadic production gradually shifted from the "ancient series" to the "Al Yin le". The openness of the nomadic economy also promoted the integration of the nomadic tribes in the north, and laid the foundation for the unification of the Mongolian nationality. In the third chapter, the third chapter takes the formation and development of the Mongolian class society as the focus of research. With the improvement of the productive forces of the society, the development of the animal husbandry, the expansion of the private property, the increase in the number of private property, the unbalance of the possession of property, the emergence of the rich and the rich and the poor, and the rich and the poor. The emergence of people and slaves, aristocrats and civilians broke the relationship between human freedom and equality in Mongolia society, formed the class relations of human exploitation and slavery, and the Mongolian nationality was gradually transferred from the clan commune to the class society and completed a major change in the production relationship. The rich not only occupied the production data, but also gradually occupied the labourer's book. As a result, slavery led to the emergence of slavery. Slaves were mainly derived from war, sale, marriage, hereditary, criminal and automatic surrender to slavery, for the noblemen to work and to be used in the production and use of the army, to be fully ruled, and to be slaving. The Mongolian slavery society lasted for a long time, and with the unification of the Mongolian nationality, the Mongolian economy was fast. The rapid development, the social relations formed by the son and the hehe, formed a feudal relationship in the bud, and the feudal relationship, once appeared, had a great power to impact slavery. In order to adapt to the needs of the social development, it broke the shackles of the original slavery production relationship to the sustainable development of the productive forces, between the slave owners and the slaves, and the classes, Among the political groups, a fierce and complicated struggle was carried out, and the outcome of the struggle - the transition from slavery to feudalism was gradually realized in Mongolia society. The first time in northern China was the strong, stable and continuous development of the Mongols, which was formed by the unification of various tribes in the North of China. The fourth chapter focuses on the introduction of Gen Gi Khan. The economic undertakings and economic achievements made after the historical stage established the Mongolia Khanate with the advantage of its nomadic economy, which became the most vast empire in the world, crossed the Eurasia continent. The Mongolia Khanate established the feudal lord system, carried out the system of thousands of households and formulated the Da Zi Satin grammar. The land system of feudal lords, the tax system, the system of Taxation, the monetary system and so on. In the economic achievement, the animal husbandry, agriculture, handicraft industry and Commerce of Mongolia Khanate had developed rapidly. At the same time, Mongolia Khanate strengthened the economic and cultural exchanges with the various ethnic groups of the East and the west, which effectively promoted the communication and communication between the eastern and Western civilizations.
【学位授予单位】：中央民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F129

【参考文献】