我国地区差距的影响因素分析

发布时间：2018-06-27 09:09

本文选题：地区差距 + 影响因素　；参考：《浙江工商大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：我国的区域发展战略,经过了均衡发展和非均衡发展两个阶段。在改革开放前,区域发展政策以及区域产业布局主要从地区间的均衡发展以及国家安全角度考虑,区域发展政策主要向落后地区倾斜,由于各种原因,导致效益比较低下；改革开放以后,为了加速国家整体的经济增长速度,优先向东部沿海等区域条件较好的地区倾斜,这使我国的地区差距不断扩大。本文利用各种统计数据,首先实证分析了我国按传统划分的东中西部之间在经济总量、人均GDP和社会发展水平等方面的巨大差距,在此基础上重点分析了影响地区差距的三大类因素,即要素投入因素,政策和制度因素,经济结构因素。在要素投入方面,中西部地区与东部地区相比,在物质资本和人力资本投入与积累方面均严重不足,从而导致了本地区经济发展的缓慢和优质生产要素的外流,它反过来进一步加剧了中西部地区对生产要素的吸引力和要素投入的不足状况。在政策和制度因素方面,中央政府在改革开放以前主要考虑到国防和生产力均衡布局的需要,发展政策向中西部地区倾斜,使得地区差距有所减小；改革开放以后,中央政府主要基于经济发展的质量和效率考虑,实行了向东部地区倾斜政策,使得自然条件及经济基础本来均具有比较优势的东部地区发展速度显著高于中西部地区。就制度创新而言,东部地区在从计划经济向市场经济转轨的过程中,改革开放走在了中西部地区的前面,制度效率远远高于中西部地区,导致地区差距的扩大。从经济结构因素看,改革开放前国家对落后的中西部地区的较大投资所形成的一大批国有企业,由于缺乏活力反而成了经济体制改革过程中的体制包袱；东部地区由于国家投资少,在改革进程中遇到的所有制结构、产权结构和利益分配关系调整的阻力较小,民营经济发展一马当先,充满生机活力。在分析影响地区发展的主要因素及区域差距的基础上,本文利用泰尔指数对地区差距进行了分解,测度了区域内差距及区域间差距对我国东中西部三大地区差距产生的贡献程度。实证研究发现,产业结构、人均固定资产投资、对外贸易以及人力资源状况对我国不同地区之间的经济发展水平及其差距影响最大。最后,本文就如何缩小地区差距提出了相关政策建议,主要包括完善制度环境,建立统一市场；继续实施对中西部地区的政策倾斜,引导各方加大对中西部地区的投资；培育中西部地区的增长极,以增长极带动地区经济发展；加快交通基础设施建设,降低流通成本；加大人力引进力度,增加教育投入。
[Abstract]:The regional development strategy of our country has gone through two stages: balanced development and non-balanced development. Before the reform and opening up, the regional development policy and the regional industrial layout are mainly considered from the angle of balanced development between regions and national security. The regional development policy mainly inclines to the backward areas, which results in low efficiency due to various reasons. After the reform and opening up to the outside world, in order to speed up the overall economic growth of the country, priority is given to areas with better conditions such as the eastern coastal areas, which makes the regional gap in our country continue to widen. Using various statistical data, this paper first empirically analyzes the huge gap between China's traditional eastern, western and eastern regions in terms of total economic volume, per capita GDP and social development level. On the basis of this, three kinds of factors affecting regional disparity are analyzed, which are factor input factor, policy and system factor, economic structure factor. In terms of factor input, the central and western regions, compared with the eastern region, are seriously inadequate in terms of material capital and human capital investment and accumulation, resulting in the slow economic development of the region and the outflow of high-quality factors of production. It, in turn, further intensifies the attraction of factors of production and the insufficiency of factor input in the central and western regions. In terms of policy and institutional factors, before the reform and opening up, the central government mainly considered the need for a balanced distribution of national defense and productive forces, and the development policy tilted towards the central and western regions, thus reducing the regional gap; after the reform and opening up, On the basis of the quality and efficiency of economic development, the central government has adopted the policy of tilting to the east, which makes the development speed of the eastern region, where the natural conditions and economic base have the comparative advantage, significantly higher than that of the central and western regions. As far as institutional innovation is concerned, in the process of transition from planned economy to market economy, the reform and opening up in the eastern region is ahead of the central and western regions, and the institutional efficiency is far higher than that in the central and western regions, which leads to the widening of the regional gap. From the point of view of economic structure, a large number of state-owned enterprises formed by the large investment of the state in the backward central and western regions before the reform and opening up have become the system burden in the process of the economic system reform because of the lack of vitality. Due to the lack of state investment in the eastern region, the ownership structure, property right structure and interest distribution relation adjustment in the course of reform are relatively small, and the private economy is leading the way and full of vitality. Based on the analysis of the main factors affecting the regional development and the regional disparity, this paper decomposes the regional disparity by using the Thiel index. The paper measures the contribution of intraregional and inter-regional disparities to the three major regional disparities in the east, west and west of China. The empirical study shows that the industrial structure, per capita fixed asset investment, foreign trade and human resource situation have the greatest influence on the level of economic development and the gap between different regions in China. Finally, this paper puts forward some relevant policy suggestions on how to narrow the regional gap, mainly including perfecting the institutional environment, establishing a unified market, continuing to implement the policy preference to the central and western regions, guiding all parties to increase investment in the central and western regions; To cultivate the growth poles in the central and western regions, to promote the regional economic development with the growth poles, to speed up the construction of transportation infrastructure, to reduce the circulation costs, to increase the intensity of manpower introduction and to increase the investment in education.
【学位授予单位】：浙江工商大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F127;F224

【参考文献】