民族地区产能过剩问题研究

发布时间：2018-06-29 15:34

本文选题：民族地区 + 产能过剩　；参考：《中南民族大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：产能过剩，也被广泛认为是“重复建设”、“过度投资”以及“过度竞争”，一直以来都困扰着中国经济，特别是基础薄弱的民族地区经济。近十几年来，借助西部大开发政策的“东风”，民族地区的基础设施建设得到了巨大投资并且进出口贸易也得到了飞速发展，民族地区的水泥、化工等传统产业以及光伏、风电等新兴产业都得到了千载难逢的发展机遇，并形成了巨大的生产能力，给投资者带来了丰厚的回报。但是，自从2008年以来，受美国次贷危机、欧债危机等因素影响而引发的全球经济衰退，给民族地区的制造业出口造成了恶劣的影响，也使得民族地区的产能过剩问题更加突出。为应对这场危机，中央政府出台了一系列宏观调控措施，力求抑制民族地区的“投资潮涌”现象，并对已经失衡的产业结构进行调整。受国内外多方面情况的影响，民族地区的过度投资现象促使某些产业出现运行困难的状况，并且这些产业的产能过剩问题正在日渐加剧。根据2008年第二次全国经济普查的结果显示，钢铁、水泥、煤化工、平板玻璃、风电、多晶硅以及电解铝、光伏制造、有色金属、造船、航运、冶炼、造纸、酒精、制革、印染、化纤、铅蓄电池等许多工业行业的产能都出现明显过剩的现象。在本文中，我们按照西方国家的评价标准，采用产能利用率来评价产能是否过剩。通常，我们将位于79%-83%这个区间内的产能利用率规定为标准值，若是产能利用率高于95%则被看作产能不足，而低于79%则说明产能过剩。根据相关部门统计数据估算，我国2011年的水泥建材、焦炭、平板玻璃、风电设备、多晶硅、电解铝以及光伏制造的产能利用率分别为78%、73.79%、75%、59%、43.79%、70%、50%，均低于79%属于产能过剩行业。这种产能过剩在以资源型工业为主的民族地区所引发的后果更是严重。鉴于此，如何正确认识产能过剩，如何防范和治理民族地区工业化建设中的产能过剩问题，是民族地区相关部门亟待解决的一个重要课题。本文主要由以下几个部分组成。首先，采用文献研究的方法，对国内外现有的产能过剩相关理论进行了分析和整理。其次，从产能过剩的理论分析入手，结合我国特殊的市场经济体制，深入地分析了我国产能过剩的特殊形成机理。再次，对我国民族地区不同历史时期的产能过剩问题进行了考察研究，详述了不同时期民族地区产能过剩的特征及发展趋势，并动态地分析了其对民族地区经济发展的正负面影响。接下来，采用实证研究和比较分析的方法，对民族地区产能过剩的现状及成因进行了分析。最后，根据民族地区产能过剩的实际状况，结合我国产能过剩的特殊形成机理，本文给出了治理和预防我国民族地区产能过剩的对策建议：一是转变政府职能，增强宏观调控水平，二是调整产业结构，坚决淘汰落后产能，三是深化体制改革，严格控制新增产能，四是强化企业自主创新，促进产业技术升级，五是开拓国内外市场，，转移和消化过剩产能。
[Abstract]:Overcapacity is also widely regarded as "duplication of construction", "overinvestment" and "excessive competition", which have always plagued the economy of China, especially the weak basic national economy. In the past decade, the infrastructure construction in ethnic areas has been greatly invested and advanced with the help of the "east wind" of the western development policy. Export trade has also developed rapidly. The new industries such as cement, chemical and other industries in ethnic areas, as well as the emerging industries such as photovoltaic, wind and electricity, have all got a golden opportunity to develop, and have formed huge productive capacity and brought rich returns to investors. However, since 2008, factors such as the United States subprime mortgage crisis, the European debt crisis and so on have taken place. In order to cope with the crisis, the central government has issued a series of macro-control measures to suppress the "investment tide" phenomenon in ethnic areas and to the already unbalanced industry. The structure is adjusted. Influenced by many domestic and foreign situations, the phenomenon of excessive investment in ethnic areas has prompted some industries to have difficulties in operation, and the problem of overcapacity in these industries is increasing.
According to the results of the second national economic survey in 2008, steel, cement, coal chemical industry, flat glass, wind power, polysilicon and electrolytic aluminum, photovoltaic manufacturing, non-ferrous metal, shipbuilding, shipping, smelting, paper making, alcohol, tanning, printing and dyeing, chemical fiber, lead-acid battery and many other industrial industries have obvious overcapacity phenomenon. In this article, we According to the criteria of western countries, capacity utilization is used to evaluate the excess capacity. Generally, the productivity utilization in the 79%-83% range is defined as a standard value. If productivity utilization is higher than 95%, the capacity is considered to be inadequate, while less than 79% shows excess capacity. According to relevant department statistics, China is 201. 1 years of cement building materials, coke, flat glass, wind power equipment, polysilicon, electrolytic aluminum and photovoltaic production utilization ratio are 78%, 73.79%, 75%, 59%, 43.79%, 70%, 50%, all less than 79% belong to the overcapacity industry. This overcapacity in the resource based industry as the main national region caused more serious consequences. To recognize overcapacity and how to prevent and control the problem of overcapacity in the industrial construction of ethnic regions is an important issue to be solved in the relevant departments of ethnic minority areas.
This paper is mainly composed of the following parts. First, it analyzes and collate the existing theory of overcapacity at home and abroad by means of literature research. Secondly, starting with the theoretical analysis of overcapacity and combining with the special market economy system in China, the special formation mechanism of overcapacity in China is deeply analyzed. The problem of overcapacity in different historical periods of China's ethnic areas has been investigated and studied. The characteristics and development trend of overcapacity in ethnic regions in different periods are described in detail, and the positive and negative effects on the economic development of ethnic regions are analyzed dynamically. Then, the method of empirical research and comparative analysis is adopted to make the surplus capacity in ethnic areas overcapacity. The present situation and causes are analyzed. Finally, according to the actual situation of overcapacity in ethnic areas and the special formation mechanism of overcapacity in China, this paper gives the countermeasures and suggestions to control and prevent the overcapacity in the ethnic areas of our country: first, to change the government's function, enhance the level of macro view and control, and two is to adjust the industrial structure and resolutely eliminate it. Backward production capacity, three is to deepen the reform of the system, strictly control new production capacity, four is to strengthen enterprise independent innovation, promote industrial technology upgrading, the five is to open up domestic and foreign markets, transfer and digest excess capacity.
【学位授予单位】：中南民族大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F127

【参考文献】