山西城乡收入分配差距与农村劳动力流动关系研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 04:46

本文选题：山西省 + 城乡收入差距　；参考：《山西财经大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：在改革开放三十多年以来，我国取得了巨大的经济成就，但同时，伴随着经济增长，收入差距也在不断扩大，逐渐成为社会各界关注的热点、经济类各专业领域研究的热门问题，各领域的专家学者，特别是经济学领域的专家和学者从自己的角度对我国收入差距的成因、特征、未来趋势等基本问题进行了全面而深刻的研究。按照收入差距的分类，城乡、行业、部门等，导致收入差距的原因也是多种多样的，本文选取了城乡收入差距，从农村劳动力流动的角度，尝试阐述山西省城乡收入差距产生的原因，同时对其未来的发展趋势做出预测，最后，从促进农村劳动力的角度，提出了关于促进山西省农村劳动力流动进而缩小城乡收入差距的对策。本文主要分为三个部分：第一部分，对关于农村劳动力流动和城乡收入差距关系的相关理论研究进行了系统的整理，对其中的主要观点进行了说明，同时对理论的意义进行了一定的分析。这其中的基础理论“刘—拉—费理论”也是本文研究时所依据的基本理论，因为按照山西省现在的现实情况来看，与该理论所描述的情况基本接近，因此将“刘—拉—费理论”作为本文分析所依据的基础。第二部分，共分为四个小部分：首先，对山西省城乡收入及差距的实际情况进行了分析，在收入方面分别分析了城镇居民可支配收入和农民人均纯收入的增长幅度和增长速度。在所研究的年份中（2000年-2011年）山西城镇居民可支配收入无论在总增长幅度还是在年均增长速度方面都快于全国平均水平；但是农民纯收入的增长情况却不乐观，无论在总增长幅度还是再年均增长速度方面都慢于全国平均水品，并且进一步分析了产生这种收入变化状况的原因。因而，山西省城乡居民的收入差距是在不断扩大的。其次，对山西省农村剩余劳动力的存量情况进行了估计。利用了农村现有耕种面积和相关的劳动标准等数据，核算出需要投入的劳动量，再找出农村总的劳动力所能提供的劳动量的总量，二者的差值就成为了剩余劳动量，在通过劳动标准进行换算，就能够得出农村剩余劳动力的数量，这个数量是后面分析山西省农村劳动力转移规模的重要基础，后面的数据与它对比就可以推断出山西农村剩余劳动力流动的规模是否足够，从而判定山西省是处于理论上的“第一阶段”还是“第二阶段”，阶段的判别是提出相关政策建议的基础。再次，研究山西省农村劳动力的流动的数量。在这部分中，分别从户籍变化和职业变化两个角度来分析得出了两组数据，这两组数据都能在一定程度上反应农村劳动力流动的情况。最后，对山西省城乡收入差距和劳动力流动的关系进行了分析。根据相关理论，农村劳动力流动的第一阶段，会出现农村劳动力的流动规模与城乡收入差距两者同时增大的现象；在农村劳动力流动的第二阶段，这时农村劳动力流动的规模继续增加，但由于受到劳动力存量以及农业部门生产的限制，增长速度放缓，同时，城乡收入差距开始逐渐减小，直至消失。根据山西省现有的情况来看，城乡收入差距变大无疑是确定的趋势，但是关于农村劳动力流动的规模是怎样的呢？这就需要对上面得出的两组数据进行分析，分辨出究竟哪组数据更能说明情况。户籍数据远远小于职业数据，这两组数据都与估计的山西省农村剩余劳动力数据相比较，户籍数据远小于农村剩余劳动力数据，而职业数据却大于剩余规模。接下来，本文从定性分析和定量分析两个角度明确了，户籍数据更能反映真实情况，说明山西省现在处于理论中的第一阶段，农村劳动力流动的规模还是不够大，，收入差距还会继续变大。第三部分，从促进山西省农村劳动力流动从而缩小城乡收入差距的方面提出了一些对策，例如：户籍改革、农村劳动力技能培训、建立城乡统一劳动市场、完善社会保障制度等方面，加速山西省农村劳动力的流动，从而使理论中的“第二阶段”快速到来，能减少山西省城乡收入差距。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening to the outside world for more than thirty years, China has made great economic achievements, but at the same time, with the economic growth, the income gap is also expanding, gradually becoming a hot spot of attention from all walks of life, the hot issues in various fields of economic research, experts in various fields, especially experts and scholars in the field of economics, from their own The causes, characteristics and future trends of the income gap in China are thoroughly and deeply studied. According to the classification of the income gap, the urban and rural areas, the industry and the departments, the reasons of the income gap are also varied. This paper selects the income gap between urban and rural areas, and tries to elaborate the Shanxi province from the perspective of rural labor flow. The reasons for the income gap in rural areas are caused, and the future development trend is predicted. Finally, from the perspective of promoting rural labor force, the countermeasures are put forward to promote the flow of rural labor force in Shanxi province and then reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas.
This article is divided into three parts: the first part, the relevant theoretical research on the relationship between rural labor flow and the urban-rural income gap is systematically organized, the main points of which are explained, and the significance of the theory is analyzed. The basic theory, "Liu Lau Fei theory", is also the same. The basic theory of the study is based on the present situation in Shanxi province and is basically close to the situation described in this theory. Therefore, the theory of "Liu La Fei" is used as the basis for this analysis.
The second part is divided into four small parts: first, the actual situation of urban and rural income and gap in Shanxi province is analyzed. In terms of income, the increase and growth rate of urban residents' disposable income and the per capita net income of farmers are analyzed respectively. In the year of study (2000 -2011), the disposable income of urban residents in Shanxi Both the total growth rate and the annual average growth rate are faster than the national average; however, the growth of the net income of farmers is not optimistic. It is slower than the national average in both the total growth rate and the average annual growth rate, and further analyses the causes of the income change. Thus, Shanxi The income gap between urban and rural residents is expanding. Secondly, the stock of rural surplus labor in Shanxi province is estimated. The amount of labor needed to be invested is calculated by using the existing farming area and related labor standards in rural areas, and then the total amount of labor provided by the rural total labor force can be found, and the two are the total amount of labor that the rural total labor force can provide. The difference becomes the amount of surplus labor. The amount of surplus labor in rural areas can be obtained by conversion through labor standards. This amount is an important basis for the analysis of the scale of the transfer of rural labor in Shanxi province. Judging Shanxi province is the "first stage" or "second stage" in theory, the discrimination of the stage is the basis of putting forward relevant policy proposals. Again, the number of rural labor flow in Shanxi province is studied. In this part, two sets of data are obtained from the two corners of household registration and career change, and the two sets of data are obtained. To a certain extent, it can reflect the flow of rural labor to a certain extent. Finally, the relationship between the urban and rural income gap and the labor flow in Shanxi province is analyzed. According to the relevant theory, the first stage of rural labor flow will increase the flow of rural labor and the gap between urban and rural labor, and in rural labor. In the second stage of the dynamic flow, the scale of rural labor flow continues to increase, but the growth rate slows down due to the labor stock and the agricultural sector production. At the same time, the income gap between urban and rural areas begins to decrease gradually and to disappear. According to the current situation in Shanxi, the income gap between urban and rural areas is undoubtedly a definite trend. But what is the size of the rural labor flow? It needs to analyze the two sets of data obtained above to tell which data is better than the occupational data. The two sets of data are far less than the estimated data of the rural surplus labor in Shanxi province. The rural surplus labor data, and the occupation data is larger than the remaining scale. Next, this paper is clear from two angles of qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis. The household registration data can reflect the real situation more. It shows that Shanxi is now in the first stage of theory, the scale of rural labor flow is still not big enough, and the income gap will continue to become larger.
The third part, from the promotion of rural labor flow in Shanxi province to reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas, and put forward some countermeasures, such as the household registration reform, rural labor skill training, the establishment of a unified labor market in urban and rural, the improvement of the social security system and so on, to accelerate the flow of rural labor in Shanxi Province, so that the theory of "second" The rapid arrival of the stage can reduce the income gap between urban and rural areas in Shanxi province.
【学位授予单位】：山西财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F323.6;F124.7;F224

【参考文献】