政府公共支出视野下的城乡居民代际收入流动性研究

发布时间：2018-07-07 12:31

本文选题：代际收入弹性 + 代际收入流动性　；参考：《上海师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：居民收入分配差距扩大是一个全球性问题，作为一个逐步崛起的发展中国家，中国也正面临着这个难题，其中的不平等问题引起了人们越来越广泛的关注。在以往的研究中，基尼系数的高低几乎成为衡量收入分配差距大小的共同标准，事实上，这是一种过于简单的判断。近些年来有少数研究人员开始从代际收入流动性这个新角度和代际收入弹性这个新指标来分析收入分配不平等问题。在某种意义上，基尼系数所测度的是结果的不平等，而代际收入弹性所测度的是机会的不平等，代际收入弹性则是较基尼系数等不平等指标更为关键的测度方式，其测度的代际收入流动性大小是直接关系到社会整体状态及社会发展趋势的核心问题。因此本文主要基于政府公共支出视野，以城乡家庭代际收入流动性为对象所做的研究，重点分析政府公共支出政策对代际收入流动性的影响和纳入公共支出变量后的代际收入流动性实证研究，在分析原因的基础上，根据实证结果给予政策建议。论文首先介绍了代际收入流动和人力资本的基本定义，并通过文献回顾的方式对国内外前人研究的结论进行了总结和比较。在此基础上，提出了目前中国代际收入流动性缓慢的原因，主要缺陷在于家庭背景差异和政府教育、社会保障、公共服务、户籍制度等宏观政策上的不完善，继而从教育和社会保障这两个方面来强调政府公共政策对代际收入流动性的影响。在分析代际收入流动机制形成的过程中，本文主要从1979年Becker和Tomes的人力资本模型出发，但该模型很难具体量化，继而本文介绍了两种测算代际收入流动性的基本模型，考虑到本文是从政府公共支出视野出发，所以在基本模型上又增加了公共支出变量，另外模型也会采用多水平回归方程和纳入面板数据考虑，并对数据来源和处理过程做了详细地说明和描述。在实证分析过程中，样本数据来源于中国健康和营养调查（CHNS）以及《中国统计年鉴》、《中国城市统计年鉴》，包括对目前中国代际收入流动性现状和纳入公共支出变量后流动性变化的实证分析，，研究表明：目前中国城乡居民代际收入流动性较小，机会不平等现象较为显著；相比农村居民，城镇居民代际收入流动性更小，收入分配不公平现象比较严重；纳入政府公共支出变量后发现，本文所选取的三个公共支出指标对城镇和农村居民代际收入流动性产生的影响是有区别的，相比城镇，医疗卫生支出变量对农村居民代际收入的流动性影响程度更大。根据实证分析结果，本文最后对加强中国城乡居民代际收入流动性提出了相关政策建议，主要从教育资源合理分配、社保制度不断完善、公共服务加强管理以及户籍制度逐步改革等这几个公共政策方面着手。
[Abstract]:The widening of income distribution gap is a global problem. As a developing country, China is also facing this problem, and the inequality has attracted more and more attention. In previous studies, the Gini coefficient has almost become the common criterion to measure the income distribution gap, in fact, it is too simple to judge. In recent years, a small number of researchers have begun to analyze income inequality from a new perspective of intergenerational income mobility and a new indicator of intergenerational income elasticity. In a sense, the Gini coefficient measures the inequality of results, while the intergenerational income elasticity measures the inequality of opportunity, and the intergenerational income elasticity is more critical than the Gini coefficient. The measure of intergenerational income mobility is the core problem directly related to the whole state of society and the trend of social development. Therefore, this paper is mainly based on the perspective of government public expenditure, taking the intergenerational income mobility of urban and rural households as the object of research. This paper focuses on the analysis of the influence of government public expenditure policy on intergenerational income mobility and the empirical study of intergenerational income mobility after the inclusion of public expenditure variables. On the basis of the analysis of the reasons, the paper gives policy recommendations based on the empirical results. This paper first introduces the basic definitions of intergenerational income flow and human capital, and summarizes and compares the conclusions of previous studies at home and abroad through literature review. On this basis, the paper points out the reasons for the slow mobility of intergenerational income in China. The main defects lie in the differences in family background and the imperfections in macro policies such as government education, social security, public services, household registration system, etc. Then it emphasizes the influence of government public policy on intergenerational income mobility from the aspects of education and social security. In the process of analyzing the formation of intergenerational income flow mechanism, this paper mainly starts from the human capital model of Becker and Tomes in 1979, but this model is difficult to quantify, and then this paper introduces two basic models to measure intergenerational income mobility. Considering that this paper is based on the view of government public expenditure, the public expenditure variables are added to the basic model, and the multi-level regression equation and panel data are also used in the model. The data source and processing process are described in detail. In the process of empirical analysis, Sample data are derived from China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), China Statistical Yearbook, and China Urban Statistics Yearbook, including an empirical analysis of the current status of intergenerational income mobility in China and the changes in mobility after inclusion of public expenditure variables. The research shows that the intergenerational income mobility of Chinese urban and rural residents is relatively small, the inequality of opportunity is more significant, the intergenerational income mobility of urban residents is less than that of rural residents, and the inequality of income distribution is more serious. After taking into account the variables of government public expenditure, it is found that the influence of the three public expenditure indicators selected in this paper on the intergenerational income mobility of urban and rural residents is different. The effect of health expenditure variables on intergenerational income mobility of rural residents is greater. According to the results of empirical analysis, this paper finally puts forward some policy suggestions to strengthen the intergenerational income mobility of Chinese urban and rural residents, mainly from the rational allocation of educational resources and the continuous improvement of social security system. The public service strengthens the management as well as the household registration system gradual reform and so on these public policy aspect begins.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7

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