环境约束下跨国效率和生产率分析
发布时间：2018-07-30 06:32
【摘要】：在政治全球化与经济全球化日益深化的当今世界，经济增长成为各个国家之间综合国力竞争力的重要突破点。作为经济增长的一个重要引擎，生产率增长使得整个世界的生活水平在二十世纪有了迅速的提高。由于经济增长伴随的资源快速消耗导致污染物排放的增加，因此环境与经济增长之间的关系得到广泛关注。通过效率和全要素生产率的国际研究，发现我国与别国之间的差距，具有一定的现实意义。 本文测度51个国家1970-2008年的效率，运用MML生产率指数测度环境全要素生产率增长及其成分，解决了多组群、多前沿问题，同时考虑“坏”产出的存在。主要结论有：技术差距比率方面：高收入国家的技术差距比率最高，低收入国家的下降幅度更大。效率方面：中高收入国家的平均技术效率最高，其次是高收入国家，低收入国家，中低收入国家的平均效率值最低。从时间趋势来看，低收入国家与中高收入国家呈上升态势，并且两者之间的差距有缩小的趋势。从全要素生产率增长情况来看，各组群国家的全要素生产率呈增长趋势，高收入国家的全要素生产率高于其他组群国家，其他三组国家出现收敛的趋势。从全要素生产率的分解方面来看，技术效率变化方面，除了高收入国家在考察期内的技术效率值是降低的，其它三个类别国家都是上升的；技术变化方面，中高收入国家的技术值呈上升趋势，而中低收入国家呈下降趋势，另外两个组群国家没有明显的增减趋势；在纯技术追赶方面，中高收入国家和低收入国家的值在考察期间都是小于1的，而高收入国家和中低收入国家普遍大于1。潜在技术相对变动中，中高收入国家和中低收入国家都有增长的趋势，低收入国家却呈下降趋势。影响全要素生产率因素的分析：结果发现，人均GDP与生产率指数具有U型的关系，工业增加值份额与生产率指数具有U型的关系。滞后一期的技术无效率和资本劳动比的对数与生产率指数都是负相关，开放度和人均能源使用量与生产率指数都是正相关的，，而FDI占比与生产率指数呈负相关的关系。
[Abstract]:In the world where political globalization and economic globalization are deepening day by day, economic growth has become an important breakthrough point for the competitiveness of comprehensive national strength among various countries. As an important engine of economic growth, productivity growth has led to a rapid improvement in living standards throughout the world in the twentieth century. The relationship between environment and economic growth is widely concerned because the rapid consumption of resources accompanying economic growth leads to an increase in pollutant emissions. Through the international research on efficiency and total factor productivity, it is found that the gap between China and other countries has certain practical significance. This paper measures the efficiency of 51 countries from 1970-2008, uses MML productivity index to measure the growth of environmental total factor productivity and its components, solves the problem of multi-group and multi-frontier, and considers the existence of "bad" output. The main conclusions are as follows: the ratio of technology gap is the highest in the high-income countries, and the decline is even greater in the low-income countries. Efficiency: the average technical efficiency of middle and high income countries is the highest, followed by high income countries, low income countries and low and middle income countries. From the point of view of the time trend, the low-income countries and the middle-and-high-income countries are on the rise, and the gap between the two countries has a trend of narrowing. From the point of view of the total factor productivity growth, the total factor productivity of each group of countries shows an increasing trend, the total factor productivity of the high-income countries is higher than that of the other group countries, and the other three groups of countries have the trend of convergence. In terms of the decomposition of total factor productivity, in terms of technological efficiency changes, except for the fact that the technological efficiency of high-income countries has decreased during the period under review, all the other three categories of countries have risen; in terms of technological change, The technical value of the middle and high income countries showed an upward trend, while the low and middle income countries showed a downward trend, while the other two groups of countries had no obvious trend of increase or decrease; in terms of pure technology catch-up, The values of both high and middle income countries and low income countries were less than 1, while those of high and low income countries were generally greater than 1. In the relative change of potential technology, both middle and high income countries and middle and low income countries have an increasing trend, while low income countries have a downward trend. Analysis of factors affecting total factor productivity: the results show that per capita GDP and productivity index have a U-type relationship, industrial value added share and productivity index have U-type relationship. The logarithm of technological inefficiency and capital / labor ratio in the lagged period is negatively correlated with productivity index, openness and per capita energy use are both positively correlated with productivity index, while the ratio of FDI is negatively correlated with productivity index.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F113;F205
本文编号：2154121
[Abstract]:In the world where political globalization and economic globalization are deepening day by day, economic growth has become an important breakthrough point for the competitiveness of comprehensive national strength among various countries. As an important engine of economic growth, productivity growth has led to a rapid improvement in living standards throughout the world in the twentieth century. The relationship between environment and economic growth is widely concerned because the rapid consumption of resources accompanying economic growth leads to an increase in pollutant emissions. Through the international research on efficiency and total factor productivity, it is found that the gap between China and other countries has certain practical significance. This paper measures the efficiency of 51 countries from 1970-2008, uses MML productivity index to measure the growth of environmental total factor productivity and its components, solves the problem of multi-group and multi-frontier, and considers the existence of "bad" output. The main conclusions are as follows: the ratio of technology gap is the highest in the high-income countries, and the decline is even greater in the low-income countries. Efficiency: the average technical efficiency of middle and high income countries is the highest, followed by high income countries, low income countries and low and middle income countries. From the point of view of the time trend, the low-income countries and the middle-and-high-income countries are on the rise, and the gap between the two countries has a trend of narrowing. From the point of view of the total factor productivity growth, the total factor productivity of each group of countries shows an increasing trend, the total factor productivity of the high-income countries is higher than that of the other group countries, and the other three groups of countries have the trend of convergence. In terms of the decomposition of total factor productivity, in terms of technological efficiency changes, except for the fact that the technological efficiency of high-income countries has decreased during the period under review, all the other three categories of countries have risen; in terms of technological change, The technical value of the middle and high income countries showed an upward trend, while the low and middle income countries showed a downward trend, while the other two groups of countries had no obvious trend of increase or decrease; in terms of pure technology catch-up, The values of both high and middle income countries and low income countries were less than 1, while those of high and low income countries were generally greater than 1. In the relative change of potential technology, both middle and high income countries and middle and low income countries have an increasing trend, while low income countries have a downward trend. Analysis of factors affecting total factor productivity: the results show that per capita GDP and productivity index have a U-type relationship, industrial value added share and productivity index have U-type relationship. The logarithm of technological inefficiency and capital / labor ratio in the lagged period is negatively correlated with productivity index, openness and per capita energy use are both positively correlated with productivity index, while the ratio of FDI is negatively correlated with productivity index.
【学位授予单位】：暨南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F113;F205
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