自贸区:中国开放型经济“第二季”

发布时间：2018-08-14 11:31

【摘要】：上海自贸区有助于实现中国开放型经济的三个转变:一是国际经济从"多边开放"和"双边开放"转向"单边开放",实现从产品市场开放走向要素市场开放;二是政府管理从"正面清单"转向"负面清单",实现从内部"分权"改革走向"减权"改革;三是从参与制造业产品内国际分工转向攀升全球价值链高端,实现从制造业全球化走向服务业全球化。但自贸区形式的开放在推动经济转型的同时,也会因触及利益集团而面临诸多阻力,单边开放也可能带来新的风险而影响经济环境的稳定。因此,自贸区能否切实启动中国开放型经济"第二季",关键在于自贸区能否与中国经济高端发展之间形成良性互动。为此,需要转换政府职能,完善自贸区软硬件基础,扎实稳步推进更多自贸区发展。上海自贸区改革模式向全国的复制,既可以从行业层面向全国铺开,实现行业内各市场主体公平竞争,并使其竞争压力和创新动力通过产业链向上下游行业传导,带动更多行业改革创新;也可以从区域层面,通过产业关联或功能互补形式与自贸区联动发展,推动周边地区改革创新,并使其竞争压力和创新动力通过国内价值链向其他地区传导,拉动其他地区企业和政府改革创新。
[Abstract]:Shanghai Free Trade Zone helps to realize three changes of China's open economy: first, the international economy changes from "multilateral opening" and "bilateral opening" to "unilateral opening" to realize the opening of product market to factor market; Second, government management should change from "positive list" to "negative list" to realize the reform from internal "decentralization" to "power reduction", and third, from participating in the international division of labor within manufacturing products to moving up the global value chain. To realize the globalization of manufacturing industry to service industry. However, the opening of free trade zone will not only promote the economic transformation, but also will face a lot of resistance because of touching interest groups. Unilateral opening may also bring new risks and affect the stability of economic environment. Therefore, whether the free trade zone can effectively start the "second quarter" of China's open economy, the key lies in whether the zone can form a benign interaction with the high-end development of China's economy. Therefore, it is necessary to transform government functions, improve the software and hardware base of the FTA, and steadily promote the development of more FTAs. The replication of the reform model of Shanghai Free Trade Zone to the whole country can not only spread out to the whole country from the industry level, but also realize the fair competition of all market bodies in the industry, and make the competition pressure and innovation power transmit through the industry chain to the upstream and downstream industries. Drive more industries to reform and innovate. At the regional level, we can also promote the reform and innovation of the surrounding areas through the linkage of industrial linkages or functional complementarities with the free trade zones. And make its competitive pressure and innovation power transmit to other regions through the domestic value chain, and stimulate the reform and innovation of enterprises and governments in other regions.
【作者单位】：厦门大学经济学院;江苏省社会科学院;南京大学经济学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地重大项目“扩大内需条件下提高长三角对外开放水平研究”(11JJD790036) 国家自然科学基金项目“二元分工网络约束下中国装备制造业自主创新的机制研究”(71103152) 厦门大学国际经济与贸易系教育发展基金项目“中国本土企业自主创新的战略转变”(201112101)的阶段性成果
【分类号】：F125;F752

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