中外国民收入初次分配格局比较研究

发布时间：2018-08-17 09:15

【摘要】：收入分配不仅反映社会再生产的过程和结果，，而且直接影响到生产要素的合理配置以及宏观经济的运行。合理的国民收入分配格局有利于维护社会的和谐稳定，为国民经济的健康发展创造良好的外部环境。改革开放以来，我国经济体制改革不断深入，伴随着城市化和工业化的不断推进，我国经济保持持续快速增长。与此同时，我国的国民收入分配格局发生了巨大的变化：居民部门所占份额持续下降，政府和企业在收入分配中的比重不断提高，国民收入分配向政府和企业倾斜。本文综合利用UNSD和国际统计年鉴的国民核算资料，对中外国民收入初次分配格局进行比较研究，以揭示中国国民收入初次分配格局的内在特点和动态演进规律。研究表明，初次分配格局演变的普遍经验是，工业化程度越高，劳动收入所占比重就越高，政府和企业收入所占比重越低，反之则相反。发达国家和地区在工业化推进中国民收入分配格局的演变趋势是，国民收入分配向劳动者倾斜，企业所得份额总体呈下降趋势，政府所得份额保持平稳并相对较低。我国初次分配劳动份额的演变并不存在U型规律，其主要原因是我国工业化进程中买方垄断的劳动力市场导致劳动者在劳资谈判时处于劣势，过度依赖投资和出口的经济增长方式也限制了劳动份额的提高。与发达国家相似发展阶段对比，我国初次分配中劳动份额所占比重偏低，而政府和企业收入份额所占比重偏高；近年来随着劳动份额的不断降低，国民收入初次分配格局处于向政府和企业倾斜的失衡状态。当前我国国民收入分配格局失衡的原因主要有：生产要素价格形成机制不合理、不健全，行业垄断以及企业分配机制存在缺陷，公共服务支出在财政总支出中所占比重较低等。最后参考国外调节收入分配的工具和方法，给出合理调整我国国民收入分配格局的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Income distribution not only reflects the process and result of social reproduction, but also directly affects the rational allocation of production factors and the operation of macro-economy. A reasonable pattern of national income distribution is conducive to maintaining social harmony and stability and creating a good external environment for the healthy development of the national economy. Since the reform and opening up, China's economic system reform has been deepening, along with the continuous promotion of urbanization and industrialization, China's economy has maintained a sustained and rapid growth. At the same time, great changes have taken place in the pattern of national income distribution in our country: the share of resident departments has been declining, the proportion of government and enterprises in income distribution has been increasing, and the distribution of national income has been inclined to the government and enterprises. Based on the national accounting data of UNSD and international statistical yearbooks, this paper makes a comparative study on the initial distribution pattern of national income at home and abroad in order to reveal the inherent characteristics and dynamic evolution of the initial distribution pattern of national income in China. The study shows that the general experience of the evolution of the initial distribution pattern is that the higher the degree of industrialization, the higher the proportion of labor income, the lower the proportion of government and enterprise income, and vice versa. The evolution trend of the pattern of national income distribution in developed countries and regions in the process of industrialization is that the distribution of national income is inclined to workers, the share of enterprises' income is on the whole declining, and the share of government's income remains stable and relatively low. There is no U-type rule in the evolution of the initial labor share distribution in our country. The main reason is that the labor market monopolized by the buyer in the process of industrialization in China leads to the laborer being at a disadvantage in labor negotiations. Economic growth, which relies heavily on investment and exports, also limits the increase in the share of labor. Compared with the developed countries, the proportion of labor share in the initial distribution of our country is on the low side, while the proportion of the government and enterprises' income share is on the high side. The initial distribution pattern of national income is skewed to the government and enterprises. The main reasons for the imbalance of the distribution pattern of national income in our country are as follows: the formation mechanism of production factor price is unreasonable and unsound, the industry monopoly and the enterprise distribution mechanism are defective, and the public service expenditure accounts for a low proportion of the total financial expenditure, etc. Finally, referring to the tools and methods of adjusting the income distribution abroad, some policy suggestions for adjusting the pattern of national income distribution in China are given.
【学位授予单位】：河南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.7;F113.8

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