金州新区经济发展中的人力资本配置效率研究

发布时间：2018-08-24 09:18

【摘要】：人力资本是知识经济时代的核心资本,与物质资本一同决定着一个国家或地区经济社会发展的速度、质量和潜力。经济发展中的人力资本配置效率是指经济发展中人力资本所具有的“合适性”。具体来说,就是指特定制度条件与文化背景下,人力资本的形成和供给与经济发展中的人力资本需求之间表现出来的契合与匹配程度。大连市金州新区是辽宁省《辽宁沿海经济带发展规划》的重要区域,“十一五”期间,在各项经济指标和任务全面完成的基础上,仍然存在产业结构不够合理,企业创新能力较弱,人才数量和质量不能满足经济社会快速发展的需求,人才结构性矛盾等突出的问题。基于金州新区“十二五”期间的经济结构调整战略,也可以看出产业结构的升级与调整、技术的创新与改革、增长方式的转变无一能离开充足、合理的人力资本储备。全文围绕上述主题,基于《金州新区第六次人口普查数据分析报告》的前提,选取金州新区2001年——2011年间的统计年鉴数据,就大连市金州新区经济发展中的人力资本配置效率展开研究：(1)本文分别从产出能力、结构转换能力和制度改革能力三个角度梳理了经济发展与有效人力资本的互动关系,并且给出了与经济发展相“适配”的有效人力资本的测度方法,这也是本文实证部分的理论基础。(2)金州新区人力资本配置效率的实证分析,首先是基于人力资本适配度指数的人力资本配置效率分析,使用主观和客观相结合的赋权方法(熵权法和模糊层次分析法)构造了代表绝对匹配程度的人力资本适配度指数。然后是基于DEA方法(SBM模型)的人力资本配置效率分析,它是代表相对匹配程度的适配得分。两种方法相互印证得到较为一致的结论：2001年总体适配度指数仅为0.236,是历史最低点；20012007年,虽然中间会有一定幅度的波动,总体依然呈上升趋势,到2007年达到最大值0.669,这是金州新区过去10年中经济发展和人力资本匹配程度最高的一年；20072011年中,适配度指数开始是缓慢的下降,到2010年开始急速下降,2011年已经接近历史最低水平,仅为0.286。(3)金州新区经济发展中人力资本配置存在的困难和问题集中表现在：投资过度、产业结构不合理、专业技术人才匮乏、市场化发展滞后和对外开放质量不高。因此,金州新区在人才培养与引进方面应该加强国际化人才储备,促进教育市场化发展,培养创新型、应用型人才,消除人才引进障碍,提升人才引进效率。另外还要促进产业结构转型升级,培育发展战略性新兴产业。继续深化经济体制改革,不断提高对外开放档次和质量,努力把金州新区建设成为体制机制更加完善、创新要素激情进发、瓶颈制约有效化解、开放格局深化拓展的活力新区。本文的主要创新有三点：(1)本文是一篇专门针对金州新区人力资本和经济发展匹配程度的研究论文；(2)本文的研究充分利用了金州新区合并前后的11年统计年鉴数据,同时考虑了金州新区外商投资和进出口比重较高的经济结构及人才高流动性等显著特点；(3)用主观和客观相结合的赋权方法构造了代表绝对匹配程度的人力资本适配度指数,并且用SBM模型计算了代表相对匹配程度的适配得分。本文大胆的将上述两种方法进行对比分析,得出了高度一致的结论。本文的不足主要由两点：(1)目前学术界没有研究金州新区人力资本和经济发展相关的论文,本文对金州新区同其他国家或地区的共性以及自身的个性因素考虑有待完善；(2)尽管SBM模型通过定向距离函数引入投影向量,在投影方向上弱化了传统技术效率测算方法的约束,但对于投影向量的经济意义有待进一步探讨。
[Abstract]:Human capital is the core capital in the era of knowledge-based economy, which together with material capital determines the speed, quality and potential of a country or region's economic and social development. Under the circumstances, the formation and supply of human capital and the demand for human capital in economic development show a degree of agreement and matching.
Jinzhou New Area of Dalian City is an important area of Liaoning Province's "Liaoning Coastal Economic Zone Development Plan". During the Eleventh Five-Year Plan period, on the basis of completing all the economic indicators and tasks, the industrial structure is still unreasonable, the innovation ability of enterprises is weak, the quantity and quality of talents can not meet the needs of rapid economic and social development, and the talent pool still exists. Based on the economic restructuring strategy of Jinzhou New Area during the 12th Five-Year Plan period, we can also see that the upgrading and adjustment of industrial structure, technological innovation and reform, and the transformation of growth mode can not be separated from adequate and reasonable human capital reserves.
Focusing on the above topics and on the premise of Data Analysis Report of the Sixth Population Census of Jinzhou New Area, this paper selects the statistical yearbook data of Jinzhou New Area from 2001 to 2011, and studies the efficiency of human capital allocation in the economic development of Jinzhou New Area of Dalian City. (1) This paper studies the efficiency of human capital allocation from output capacity, structural transformation capacity and institutional reform respectively. This paper reviews the interaction between economic development and effective human capital from three perspectives of reform capacity, and gives a method to measure the effective human capital which is "suitable" for economic development, which is also the theoretical basis of the empirical part of this paper. (2) Empirical analysis of the allocation efficiency of human capital in Jinzhou New Area, first of all, is based on human capital adaptability. The efficiency analysis of human capital allocation based on DEA method (SBM model), which represents the relative matching degree, uses the subjective and objective weighting method (entropy weight method and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process) to construct the fitness index of human capital allocation. The results show that the overall fitness index is only 0.236 in 2001, which is the lowest in history; in 12007, although there will be some fluctuations in the middle, the overall trend is still rising, reaching a maximum of 0.669 in 2007, which is the most matching degree between economic development and human capital in Jinzhou New Area in the past 10 years. In the middle of 2007-2001, the fitness index began to decline slowly, and declined sharply in 2010. In 2011, it was close to the lowest level in history, only 0.286. The development of marketization lags behind and the quality of opening to the outside world is not high. Therefore, Jinzhou New Area should strengthen the international talent reserve, promote the development of marketization of education, cultivate innovative and applied talents, eliminate the obstacles of talent introduction, and improve the efficiency of talent introduction. Continue to deepen the reform of the economic system, constantly improve the level and quality of opening to the outside world, and strive to build Jinzhou New Area into a dynamic new area with more perfect system and mechanism, innovative elements and enthusiasm, bottlenecks and constraints that can be effectively resolved, and an open pattern deepened and expanded.
There are three main innovations in this paper: (1) This paper is a research paper on the matching degree of human capital and economic development in Jinzhou New Area; (2) This paper makes full use of the 11-year statistical yearbook data before and after the merger of Jinzhou New Area, taking into account the economic structure of Jinzhou New Area with a high proportion of foreign investment and import and export. (3) The human capital fitness index representing absolute matching degree is constructed by combining subjective and objective weighting methods, and the fitness score representing relative matching degree is calculated by SBM model.
There are two main shortcomings in this paper: (1) There are no papers on the human capital and economic development of Jinzhou New Area in academic circles, and this paper considers the commonness of Jinzhou New Area with other countries or regions and its own personality factors to be improved; (2) Although the SBM model introduces projection vectors through the directional distance function, it can be used in the projection direction. It weakens the constraints of traditional technical efficiency measurement methods, but the economic significance of projection vectors needs to be further explored.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F224;F127;F249.27

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