人力资本投资方式对经济增长的影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-01 20:38

【摘要】：追求经济的不断增长和发展是人类永恒的主题,经济实践显示了各国经济增长存在着很大的差异。人力资本理论关于人力资本是经济增长的决定因素的观点,为认识各国经济增长率的差异提供了一个比较令人满意的解释。人力资本成为优越于物质资本的新的资本形态,开发劳动力资源,加强对人力资本的投资,已经成为现代经济的本质要求。人力资本作为一种特殊的资本,必然由一定的投资转化而来,人力资本投资方式有四种：正规教育、健康保健、在职培训和劳动力迁移流动。 2013年我国经济下行压力仍然比较大。部分发达经济体主权债务危机持续发酵和增速放缓造成我国进出口增速下滑；我国产能过剩问题突出；消费增长制约较多。新一届政府要求经济发展要以转变经济发展方式为主线,以调结构为着力点。中国正面临经济结构优化升级,增长方式由粗放式向集约化转变,如何实现经济又快又好的发展是迫切需要研究的问题,人力资本的数量和质量在很大程度上影响经济优化升级目标的实现。本文研究人力资本投资的这四种方式对中国的经济增长是否有显著性影响,首先归纳和总结了国内外有关人力资本与经济增长理论的研究成果,然后,通过采用先进的计量经济学方法建立相关的检验模型,对人力资本投资时间序列与中国经济增长时间序列进行相关关系的实证分析,并进行格兰杰因果关系检验、平稳性检验和协整关系检验,分析1995年以来正规教育经费投入、健康保健支出、在职培训支出和迁移流动投入对实际GDP是否有显著性影响,通过分析得到以下结论,我国正规教育和健康保健投资对经济增长的影响效果不显著,在职培训和劳动力迁移对经济增长有显著影响。最后结合实证分析的结论,指出我国人力资本投资方式上存在的问题,针对这些问题提出相应的政策建议。
[Abstract]:The pursuit of continuous economic growth and development is the eternal theme of human beings, economic practice shows that there are great differences in economic growth. The viewpoint that human capital is the decisive factor of economic growth provides a more satisfactory explanation for understanding the difference of economic growth rate in different countries. Human capital has become a new form of capital superior to material capital. The development of labor resources and the strengthening of investment in human capital have become the essential requirements of modern economy. As a special kind of capital, human capital must be transformed by certain investment. There are four ways of human capital investment: formal education, health care, Job training and labor migration. In 2013, China's economic downward pressure is still relatively large. The persistent fermentation of sovereign debt crisis in some developed economies and the slowdown in growth rate have resulted in a decline in the growth rate of China's imports and exports; the problem of overcapacity in China is prominent; and there are many constraints on consumption growth. The new government requires economic development to change the mode of economic development as the main line, to adjust the structure as the focus. China is facing the optimization and upgrading of its economic structure and the transformation of its growth mode from extensive to intensive. How to achieve rapid and good economic development is an urgent problem that needs to be studied. The quantity and quality of human capital influence the realization of economic optimization and upgrading to a great extent. This paper studies whether the four ways of human capital investment have a significant impact on China's economic growth. Firstly, it summarizes and summarizes the research results of human capital and economic growth theory at home and abroad, and then, By using the advanced econometrics method to establish the relevant test model, the empirical analysis of the correlation between the time series of human capital investment and the time series of China's economic growth is carried out, and the Granger causality test is carried out. The stability test and cointegration test are used to analyze whether the formal education expenditure, health care expenditure, in-service training expenditure and migration flow investment have significant influence on the actual GDP since 1995. The effect of formal education and health care investment on economic growth is not significant, while on-the-job training and labor migration have a significant impact on economic growth. Finally, combined with the conclusion of empirical analysis, this paper points out the problems existing in the way of human capital investment in our country, and puts forward corresponding policy suggestions for these problems.
【学位授予单位】：东北财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F124.1;F249.21

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