金融抑制、产业结构与收入差距

发布时间：2018-09-08 13:24

【摘要】：改革开放以来,随着我国经济发展水平的提高和产业结构调整升级,尤其是连续多年GDP的增长速度都超过8%,居民的生活水平也因此得到了很大的改善和提高,但值得注意的是,我国收入差距也呈现出扩大的趋势,这已经影响到社会和经济的长期稳定发展。产业结构升级特别是第二、三产业在国民经济中所占比重的提高,可以促进我国农业剩余劳动力从第一产业向第二、三产业转移,提高农业部门劳动力收入,缩小农业产业部门与现代产业部门之间的收入差距。如果想最大限度的发挥产业结构升级缩小收入差距的功能,就必须加快产业结构调整升级速度,推动更多的农业剩余劳动力更快的转移到劳动生产率更高的现代产业部门中去。但是,产业结构升级需要大量的资金支持,金融业的发展能够对产业结构调整升级起到很大的支持作用。从理论上讲,金融能够产业结构升级起到支持作用,产业结构升级又能缩小收入差距。但是,只有在完善的市场机制下,金融对产业结构升级的支持作用才能得以发挥。因此,本文在我国金融抑制现象普遍存在的背景下,研究分析产业结构变化对收入差距的影响及作用机制,并在研究结论的基础上提出缩小我国收入差距的政策建议,具有一定的理论和现实意义。本文通过理论分析并构建数理模型,说明金融抑制政策可能阻碍我国产业结构升级,这主要是由于我国以利率管制和信贷配给为主要表现形式的金融抑制政策,降低了储蓄转化为投资的比例以及资金使用和配置的效率,从而影响到产业资本的形成和资金在产业间的配置效率。产业结构升级可以通过促进劳动力从劳动生产率较低的产业向较高产业转移来缩小收入差距,但本文研究发现,产业结构升级对收入差距的影响呈现出倒U型特征,及在产业结构升级初期,产业结构调整会扩大收入差距,当产业结构水平达到一定程度以后,收入差距才会随着产业结构的调整而逐渐缩小。而在我国金融抑制政策下,农业产业现代化和专业化受到抑制,中小农户、乡镇企业和民营中小企业融资困难,导致产业结构升级受到抑制并长期处于初级阶段,再加上金融抑制导致穷人的财产性收入相对于富人更低,从而导致城乡之间、行业之间和居民之间的收入差距呈现出扩大的趋势。同时本文采用1980年至2008年28个省市的面板数据进行实证分析,结果表明金融抑制对收入差距影响较小；我国产业结构升级还处于初级阶段,收入差距随着产业结构升级而扩大；城市化水平提高能够降低收入差距,而政府对经济的干预也助于缩小收入差距。最后本文从促进产业结构升级、提高城市化水平等方面提出一些缩小我国收入差距的政策建议。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, with the improvement of the level of economic development and the upgrading of the industrial structure of our country, especially the growth rate of GDP in successive years has exceeded 8%, the living standard of the residents has also been greatly improved and improved. However, it is worth noting that, The income gap of our country also shows the trend of enlargement, which has affected the long-term stable development of society and economy. The upgrading of the industrial structure, especially the increase in the proportion of the second and third industries in the national economy, can promote the transfer of the surplus agricultural labor force from the primary to the second and third industries, thus increasing the income of the agricultural sector. Narrowing the income gap between agricultural and modern industrial sectors. If we want to give full play to the function of industrial structure upgrading and narrowing the income gap, we must speed up the speed of industrial structure adjustment and upgrade, and promote more agricultural surplus labor force to transfer to the modern industrial sector with higher labor productivity. However, the upgrading of industrial structure needs a lot of financial support, and the development of financial industry can play a very important role in the adjustment and upgrading of industrial structure. Theoretically, finance can support the upgrading of industrial structure, and the upgrading of industrial structure can narrow the income gap. However, only under the perfect market mechanism, can finance support the upgrading of industrial structure. Therefore, under the background of the widespread existence of financial repression in China, this paper studies and analyzes the influence of industrial structure change on income gap and its mechanism, and puts forward some policy recommendations to narrow the income gap on the basis of the conclusion of the study. It has certain theoretical and practical significance. Based on the theoretical analysis and mathematical model, this paper explains that the financial suppression policy may hinder the upgrading of China's industrial structure, which is mainly due to the financial restraint policy in the form of interest rate regulation and credit rationing. It reduces the proportion of savings into investment and the efficiency of capital utilization and allocation, which affects the formation of industrial capital and the allocation efficiency of funds among industries. The upgrading of industrial structure can narrow the income gap by promoting the transfer of labor force from the industry with low labor productivity to the higher industry. However, this paper finds that the impact of industrial structure upgrading on the income gap is inverted U-shaped. In the early stage of industrial structure upgrading, the adjustment of industrial structure will enlarge the income gap, and when the level of industrial structure reaches a certain level, the income gap will gradually narrow with the adjustment of industrial structure. However, the modernization and specialization of agricultural industry are restrained under the policy of financial repression in our country, and the financing difficulties of small and medium-sized farmers, township enterprises and private small and medium-sized enterprises lead to the suppression of the upgrading of the industrial structure and the fact that it is in the primary stage for a long time. Combined with financial repression, the property income of the poor is lower than that of the rich, leading to a widening income gap between urban and rural areas, industries and residents. At the same time, using the panel data of 28 provinces and cities from 1980 to 2008, the results show that the financial suppression has little effect on the income gap, the upgrading of industrial structure in China is still in the primary stage, and the income gap expands with the upgrading of the industrial structure. Higher levels of urbanization reduce the income gap, and government intervention in the economy also helps narrow the income gap. Finally, this paper puts forward some policy suggestions to narrow the income gap in China from the aspects of promoting the upgrading of industrial structure and improving the level of urbanization.
【学位授予单位】：西南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F832;F124.7;F121.3

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