欧盟一体化进程中的区域经济差距演变研究

发布时间：2018-09-09 13:22

【摘要】：关于市场经济体制下区域经济差距的演进趋向，经济学理论一直没有形成一个统一的认识。有的经济学家认为由于资源稀缺对经济发展的制约，市场经济会使区域经济差距扩大，有的则认为随着商品与生产要素在不同区域间的自由流动，商品与生产要素的价格将趋于均等，从而缩小不同区域间的经济差距。区域经济一体化，即加入区域组织的各成员国相互取消限制商品与生产要素自由流动的壁垒，消除影响相互间商品与生产要素自由流动的障碍，其实质是建立跨国界的共同市场，在区域组织内部消除影响市场各种生产要素自由流动的障碍。因此，研究区域经济组织内部各成员国的经济差距演变，以及各成员国国内区域经济差距的演变是分析市场经济与区域差距关系的理想实例。本文以欧盟区域一体化的不断推进为背景，系统分析欧盟成员国之间以及成员国内部区域经济差距的变化，进一步探讨市场经济与区域差距的关系。首先，本文对经济一体化的概念进行了界定，介绍了区域经济一体化从低级到高级发展的不同组织形式以及区域经济一体化的具体实现形式，包括区际贸易、人口迁移、资本移动、技术扩散与产业转移；并从理论上探讨了区域差距产生的原因及演变、促进区域增长的模式选择以及经济一体化与区域差距的关系。另外，由于本文是在经济一体化的背景之下研究欧盟区域差距问题，因此对欧盟一体化的历史进程进行了详尽的介绍，从欧洲煤钢共同体到欧洲共同体再到欧盟，欧盟一体化不断深化，已经发展成为目前世界上一体化程度最高的区域经济组织，在这样的背景之下研究区域差距问题也具有重要的理论和现实意义。其次，本文对欧盟的区域经济差距演变进行了测度分析。一方面分析了欧盟成员国之间区域经济差距的演变，首先从人均GDP、就业率、人力资本密集度指数和研发支出四个方面对欧盟成员国之间的区域经济差距的一般情况进行了介绍；之后利用变异系数、基尼系数、阿特金森指数、泰尔指数和MLD指数五个指标对欧盟成员国之间的区域经济差距演变情况进行测度分析，从测度分析的结果来看，欧盟成员国之间的经济发展存在一定趋同的趋势；最后对欧盟成员国之间的经济进行了趋同检验，从σ趋同检验来看，欧盟成员国经济存在较为明显的趋同趋势；但是从β趋同检验来看，尽管趋同趋势存在，但是并不明显。另一方面分析了欧盟成员国内部区域经济差距的演变。首先对欧盟成员国内部的区域经济差距及其空间分布情况进行了介绍；之后利用变异系数、基尼系数、泰尔指数和MLD指数四个指标对欧盟成员国内部的区域经济差距演变情况进行测度分析，结果表明，欧盟成员国内部，尤其是新加入欧盟的中东欧新成员国内部，存在严重的经济差距，因此，尽管欧盟整体经济表现出趋同的趋势，但这主要来自于成员国之间经济差距的缩小；最后对近年来欧盟成员国内部区域差距扩大的原因进行了分析。再次，本文对欧盟区域政策的演变及欧盟实施区域政策的手段进行了介绍，并对欧盟区域政策的效果进行了评价。首先分析了欧盟制定和实施区域政策的原因，并详细介绍了欧盟区域政策的演变过程；其次重点介绍了欧盟实施区域政策所使用的手段，包括结构基金、团结基金、入盟前援助基金以及欧洲投资银行对基金的支持作用，这些基金的援助促进了欧盟落后地区的经济发展，是实现欧盟均衡发展的重要工具；再次对欧盟区域政策的效果进行了评价，利用HERMIN模型、EcoMod模型和QUEST模型对欧盟区域政策的实施效果进行模拟检验，结果表明，欧盟区域政策的实施能够提高团结国家GDP增长5%-10%，并创造200万个新就业，并且区域政策的影响是长期的；最后分析了欧盟区域政策存在的问题，并从欧盟区域政策周期的角度出发，分别从议程设置阶段、政策设计与实施阶段以及政策评估与学习阶段提出了相应的改革方向。最后，本文分析了欧债危机的发生给欧盟区域均衡发展所带来的挑战。由于欧盟部分成员国的福利政策与经济发展不相符，政府又长期过度举债，再加上欧元区的制度性缺陷，最终导致了欧债危机的爆发；欧债危机增加了外围国家债务重组的困难，加重了欧盟经济的结构性失衡，加大了欧洲区域政策协调的难度，加剧了欧盟成员国之间的固有矛盾，增加了欧盟一体化的不确定性，给欧盟区域均衡发展带来了重大挑战。在经济一体化的背景下，对欧盟区域经济差距问题进行研究，分析欧盟区域政策对经济凝聚的作用与效果，拓展了区域经济一体化的理论前提，从同质性、非多样化的假设拓展为异质性、多样化的假设；扩展了欧盟区域差距问题的研究对象，从欧盟15国、老成员国的经济差距问题扩展为欧盟27国、新老成员国之间以及成员国内部区域经济差距问题的研究；欧盟在解决区域经济差距问题时所使用的区域政策以及各种基金，对中国解决相关问题具有重要的启示作用和借鉴意义。
[Abstract]:Some economists believe that because of the restriction of scarcity of resources on economic development, the market economy will widen the regional economic disparity. Others believe that with the free flow of commodities and factors of production in different regions. Regional economic integration means that the member states of the regional organizations cancel the barriers restricting the free flow of commodities and factors of production, and remove the barriers affecting the free flow of commodities and factors of production. Its essence is to establish a cross-border relationship. The common market at national boundaries eliminates barriers to the free flow of various factors of production within regional organizations. Therefore, the study of the evolution of economic disparities among member countries within regional economic organizations and the evolution of regional economic disparities within member countries is an ideal example to analyze the relationship between market economy and regional disparities. Against the background of the continuous advancement of regional integration, this paper systematically analyzes the changes of regional economic disparities among EU Member States and within member states, and further explores the relationship between market economy and regional disparities.
Firstly, this paper defines the concept of economic integration, introduces the different organizational forms of regional economic integration from low-level to high-level development and the concrete realization forms of regional economic integration, including interregional trade, population migration, capital movement, technology diffusion and industrial transfer, and discusses the generation of regional disparity theoretically. In addition, since this paper studies the regional disparity in the context of economic integration, the historical process of EU integration is introduced in detail, from the European Coal and Steel Community to the European Community and then to Europe. With the deepening of the integration of EU and EU, it has become the most integrated regional economic organization in the world. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the regional disparity.
Secondly, this paper measures and analyzes the evolution of regional economic disparity in EU. On the one hand, it analyzes the evolution of regional economic disparity among EU member states. Then the evolution of regional economic disparity among EU Member States is measured and analyzed by using five indexes: coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient, Atkinson index, Taylor index and MDL index. From the_-convergence test, the economy of EU Member States has a more obvious convergence trend; but from the beta-convergence test, although the convergence trend exists, it is not obvious. On the other hand, the evolution of regional economic disparity within EU Member States is analyzed. The gap and its spatial distribution are introduced; then the evolution of regional economic disparity within EU Member States is measured and analyzed by using the coefficient of variation, Gini coefficient, Theil index and MDL index. The results show that there is strictness within EU member states, especially in the new member states of Central and Eastern Europe. Therefore, although the overall economy of the EU shows a convergence trend, it is mainly due to the narrowing of the economic gap between member states. Finally, the reasons for the widening of regional disparity within EU member states in recent years are analyzed.
Thirdly, this paper introduces the evolution of EU's regional policy and the means of implementing it, and evaluates the effect of EU's regional policy. Firstly, it analyzes the reasons for EU's formulation and implementation of regional policy, and introduces in detail the evolution process of EU's regional policy; secondly, it focuses on the introduction of EU's implementation of regional policy. The means used in the policy include structural funds, solidarity funds, pre-alliance aid funds and the support role of the European Investment Bank to the fund. The assistance of these funds promotes the economic development of the backward areas of the European Union and is an important tool to achieve the balanced development of the European Union. The model, EcoMod model and QUEST model are used to simulate the effect of EU regional policy implementation. The results show that the implementation of EU regional policy can increase the GDP growth of solidarity countries by 5%-10%, and create 2 million new jobs. The impact of regional policy is long-term. Finally, the problems of EU regional policy are analyzed, and from the EU regional policy implementation. From the point of view of regional policy cycle, the corresponding reform directions are put forward from the aspects of agenda setting, policy design and implementation, and policy evaluation and learning.
Finally, this paper analyzes the challenges to the balanced development of the European Union caused by the European debt crisis. The difficulty of restructuring has aggravated the structural imbalance of the EU economy, made it more difficult to coordinate European regional policies, aggravated the inherent contradictions among EU member states, increased the uncertainty of EU integration, and posed a major challenge to the balanced development of the EU region.
Under the background of economic integration, this paper studies the regional economic disparity of EU, analyzes the effect and effect of EU regional policy on economic cohesion, expands the theoretical premise of regional economic integration from homogeneity and non-diversification to heterogeneity and diversification. Objectives: The problem of economic disparity between the old and the 15 EU Member States has expanded into the study of regional economic disparity among the 27 EU countries, the old and the new member states, and the member states; the regional policies and funds used by the EU in solving the problem of regional economic disparity have important enlightenment and borrowing for China to solve related problems. Make sense.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：F114.46

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